_id Stock Number Population Name Species ESU/DPS Name Federal Status Salmon Recovery Region Recovery Plan Recovery Plan Year Hatchery Standards Met Major Population Grouping Population Goals Goal References Goal Notes Population History Stock Definition Stock Data Description Stock Spawning Distribution Stock Genetic Analysis Description Local Biologist Name Local Biologist Email Last Updated 1 1008 North Fork Nooksack Chinook (including Middle Fork Nooksack River) Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Nooksack Basin Chinook EG = 2,000; (Upper mgmt threshold = 2,000 spawners; Low abundance threshold = 1,000 spawners.) Critical ER ceiling = 9% SUS Ref 2 RER being developed This is a native stock with composite production. A supplementation program designed to increase numbers of North Fork Nooksack Chinook has been underway at Kendall Creek Hatchery since 1980. North Fork Nooksack Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing and spawning timing, and by differences in genetic composition. The TRT used geography and environmental information as rationale for including the middle fork in the north fork population for recovery efforts. Data are total escapement estimates based on carcass and redd counts in the North Fork and Middle Fork drainages. A stock re-building program using native broodstock was started at Kendall Creek Hatchery in 1980. Escapements have increased as a result, but the natural-origin spawners are still doing poorly. Most spawning takes place in the North Fork Nooksack River from Mosquito Lake Road (RM 44.8) up to RM 63.9. Approximately 88% of recent spawners have been returns from the Kendall Creek Hatchery rebuilding program (including off-station releases at acclimation sites). Carcass recoveries (and spawning locations) correlate with release locations, so upper basin releases are influencing the primary spawning locations. Spawning also occurs in the lower North Fork. Various tributaries are also used, including Canyon, Racehorse, Boulder, Maple, Cornell, Deadhorse, Thompson and Boyd creeks. Spawning also occurs in the Middle Fork Nooksack, including Canyon Lake Creek. Fish released from the Kendall Creek Hatchery program are known to stray into the South Fork Nooksack. Allozyme analysis of North Fork Fork Nooksack Chinook showed them to be genetically distinct from the South Fork Nooksack Chinook and from all other Washington Chinook stocks examined (Marshall et al. 1995). Julie Klacan Julie.Klacan@dfw.wa.gov 06/30/2026 10:50:38 PM 2 1010 Tilton Spring Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Not currently monitored. Not currently monitored. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 12/16/2020 12:00:00 AM 3 1016 South Fork Nooksack Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Nooksack Basin Chinook EG = 2,000; (Upper mgmt threshold = 2,000 spawners; Low abundance threshold = 1,000 spawners.) Ref 2 RER being developed This is a native stock with wild production. A relatively small supplementation program existed at Skookum Creek in the 1980s and early 1990s but was discontinued because of adult mortality and broodstock collection problems. The recent discovery that the majority of Chinook outmigrants in the South Fork in 2000 were fall Chinook is a matter of concern (see Genetic Analysis section above). South Fork Nooksack Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry and spawning timing, and genetic composition. Data are total escapement estimates based on counts of redds and spawners in the mainstem South Fork and tributaries through September 30 each year, excluding the proportion of redds that carcass recoveries indicated were from known hatchery strays. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem South Fork Nooksack River up to RM 25 but up to RM 30.4 in some years. Tributary spawning occurs in Hutchinson, Skookum, Deer and Plumbago creeks. Allozyme analysis has shown that South Fork Nooksack Chinook are genetically distinct from the North Fork/Middle Fork Nooksack Chinook stock and from all other Washington Chinook stocks examined (Marshall et al. 1995). More recent microsatellite DNA analysis of Chinook outmigrants sampled in the South Fork Nooksack in 2000 showed that the majority were fall Chinook and most closely resembled the fall Chinook stock (Green River (Duwamish) origin) that was being released from the WDFW Kendall Creek Hatchery (North Fork Nooksack basin) at the time (Shaklee and Young 2002). Julie Klacan Julie.Klacan@dfw.wa.gov 06/30/2026 10:51:26 PM 4 1032 Upper Skagit Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Skagit Basin Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 8,434; Low abundance threshold = 2,200. For all Skagit S/F Chinook stocks combined: Rebuilding ER = 50% (total). Critical ER ceiling = 15% SUS even yrs, 17% SUS odd yrs. Ref 2 Low abundance threshold and Critical ER Ceiling is for all Skagit S/F Chinook combined. Upper mgmt threshold for all Skagit S/F Chinook = 14,500. This is a native stock with wild production. Upper Skagit Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and early spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts from the mouth of the Sauk River to Newhalem, the lower Cascade River (RM 0.0 to 6.5); and in Illabot, Diobsud, Bacon, Falls, and Goodell creeks. Spawning takes place in the mainstem Skagit River and tributaries from the Sauk River upstream to Newhalem, excluding the upper Cascade River. Allozyme analysis has shown that Upper Skagit Chinook are not significantly different from Lower Skagit fall Chinook stock or from Upper Sauk spring Chinook. They are, however, different from Skagit River hatchery stocks (Marshall et al. 1995). Andrew Fowler Andrew.Fowler@dfw.wa.gov 07/27/2020 12:00:00 AM 5 1040 Lower Skagit Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Skagit Basin Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 4,140. Low abundance threshold = 900. For all Skagit S/F Chinook stocks combined: Rebuilding ER = 50% (total), Critical ER ceiling = 15% SUS even yrs, 17% SUS odd yrs Ref 2 Low abundance threshold for all Skagit S/F Chinook combined. Critical ER ceiliing is for all Skagit S/F Chinook combined. Upper mgmt threshold for all Skagit S/F Chinook = 14,500 This is a native stock with wild production. Lower Skagit Mainstem/Tribs Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, spawning timing and genetic composition. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts from the mainstem Skagit between the town of Sedro Woolley and the mouth of the Sauk River and in Finney and Day creeks. Spawning takes place in the mainstem Skagit River and tributaries downstream from the Sauk River. The majority of fish spawn between Sedro Woolley and the Sauk River. Allozyme analysis shows that this stock is not significantly different from Upper Skagit Mainstem/Tribs Chinook stock. The two stocks are, however, different from the other Skagit wild Chinook stocks and hatchery stocks (Marshall et al. 1995). Andrew Fowler Andrew.Fowler@dfw.wa.gov 07/27/2020 12:00:00 AM 6 1048 Lower Sauk Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Skagit Basin Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 1,926. Low abundance threshold = 400. For all Skagit S/F Chinook stocks combined: Rebuilding ER = 50% (total), Critical ER ceiling = 15% SUS even yrs, 17% SUS odd yrs. Ref 2 Low abundance threshold for all Skagit S/F Chinook combined. Critical ER ceiling is for all Skagit S/F Chinook combined. Upper mgmt threshold for all Skagit S/F Chinook = 14,500. This is a native stock with wild production. Lower Sauk Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, spawning timing and genetic composition. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts from the mouth of the Sauk River upstream to the town of Darrington (RM 0.0 to 21.1). Spawning takes place in the Sauk River from the mouth upstream to the Darrington Bridge (RM 21.2). Allozyme analysis has shown that Lower Sauk Chinook are genetically distinct from all other Washington Chinook stocks examined (Marshall et al. 1995). Andrew Fowler Andrew.Fowler@dfw.wa.gov 07/27/2020 12:00:00 AM 7 1056 Upper Sauk Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Skagit Basin Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 986. Low abundance threshold = 130. For all Skagit spring Chinook populations combined: EG = 3,000, Rebuilding ER = 38% (total), Critical ER ceiling = 18% SUS. Ref 2 Low abundance threshold for all Skagit spring Chinook combined. Critical ER ceiling is for all Skagit spring Chinook combined. Upper mgmt threshold for all Skagit spring Chinook combined=2,000. This is a native stock with wild production. Upper Sauk Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, spawning timing and genetic composition. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in the mainstem Skagit River from the town of Darrington up to the forks (RM 21.2 to 39.7), in the North Fork Sauk from the mouth upstream to the falls and in the South Fork Sauk from the mouth to about RM 2.5. A new escapement methodology was developed beginning in 1994. Expanded cumulative redd counts are thought to represent the total spawner population better than peak live plus dead counts which were used prior to 1994 (Pete Castle, WDFW, personal communication). The new estimates are not comparable to the estimates in the 1992 SASSI. Spawning takes place in the Sauk River upstream of river mile 31.0 including the anadromous areas of the North and South forks. Allozyme analysis has shown that Upper Sauk Chinook are not genetically distinct from Upper Skagit Mainstem/Tribs. Upper Sauk Chinook are, however, different from all other Washington Chinook stocks examined (Marshall et al. 1995). Andrew Fowler Andrew.Fowler@dfw.wa.gov 12/20/2022 04:25:08 PM 8 1064 Suiattle Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Skagit Basin Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 574. Low abundance threshold = 170. For all Skagit spring Chinook: EG = 3,000, Rebuilding ER = 38% (total), Critical ER ceiling = 18% SUS. Ref 2 Low abundance threshold for all Skagit spring Chinook combined. Critical ER ceiling is for all Skagit spring Chinook combined. Upper mgmt threshold for all Skagit spring Chinook combined=2,000. This is a native stock with wild production. Suiattle Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, spawning timing and genetic composition. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in Big, Tenas, Straight, Circle, Buck, Lime, Downey, Sulphur, Milk creeks. A new escapement methodology was applied beginning in 1994. Expanded cumulative redd counts are thought to represent the total spawner population better than peak live plus dead counts which were used prior to 1994 (Pete Castle, WDFW, personal communication). New estimates are not comparable to the estimates in the 1992 SASSI. Most spawning takes place in tributaries such as Big, Tenas, Straight, Circle, Buck, Lime, Downey, Sulphur and Milk creeks. Some spawning also occurs in the mainstem Suiattle River. Genetic analysis of samples over a period of six years has shown that Suiattle Chinook is genetically distinct from all other Washington Chinook stocks examined (Marshall et al. 1995). Andrew Fowler Andrew.Fowler@dfw.wa.gov 07/27/2020 12:00:00 AM 9 1072 Upper Cascade Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Skagit Basin Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 440. Low abundance threshold = 170. For all Skagit spring Chinook: EG = 3,000, Rebuilding ER = 38% (total), Critical ER ceiling = 18% SUS. Ref 2 Low abundance threshold for all Skagit spring Chinook combined. Critical ER ceiling is for all Skagit spring Chinook combined. Upper mgmt threshold for all Skagit spring Chinook combined=2,000. This is a native stock with wild production. Cascade Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in the mainstem Cascade River above RM 7.8; in the lower reaches of the North and South forks of the Cascade; and in Marble, Found, Kindy, and Sonny Boy creeks. A new escapement methodology was applied beginning in 1992. Expanded cumulative redd counts are thought to represent the total spawner population better than peak live plus dead counts which were used prior to 1992 (Pete Castle, WDFW, personal communication). New estimates are not comparable to the estimates in the 1992 SASSI. Most spawning takes place in the Cascade River from RM 7.8 to at least RM 19.2, in the North Fork Cascade River (RM 0.0 to 0.2) and in Marble, Found, and Kindy creeks. Allozyme analysis of Cascade Chinook has shown them to be genetically distinct from all other Washington Chinook stocks examined (Marshall et al. 1995). In this analysis Cascade Chinook were more similar to other wild Skagit-basin Chinook stocks than they were to other early-timed Puget Sound Chinook stocks such as those in the Nooksack basin and the White River (Puyallup). They were also significantly different from the spring Chinook stock maintained at the WDFW Marblemount Hatchery in the Cascade River basin. Andrew Fowler Andrew.Fowler@dfw.wa.gov 10/03/2024 01:31:12 PM 10 1073 Upper Gorge (Columbia) Late Fall (Bright) Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Lower Columbia River Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 11 1081 North Fork Stillaguamish Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Stillaguamish Basin Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 600. Low abundance threshold = 500. For both Stillaguamish Chinook stocks combined: Rebuilding ER = 25% (total). Ref 2 Low abundance threshold for both Stillaguamish Chinook stocks combined=650 This is a native stock with composite production. A hatchery supplementation-based recovery program for North Fork Chinook was initiated in 1980. This program continues today with an annual goal of 200,000 fingerlings released. Although total spawner abundance has increased, the estimated numbers of naturally produced spawners remains at about 400 to 600 fish anually (Puget Sound TRT abundance and productivity tables), which is cause for concern. Green River-origin Chinook were released into the North Fork Stillaguamish nearly every year from the early 1950s through 1974. North Fork Stillaguamish Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early spawning timing and genetic composition. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in the entire North Fork Stillaguamish basin. As of 2007, data are total escapement estimates based on total redd counts from aerial, foot and float surveys on the North Fork Stillaguamish River, Boulder River, Grant, Deer, Brooks, French, Segelson, Squire, and Brown Creeks. Flight surveys are conducted on the NF from RM 0.0 to 30.0. Total new redd counts are multiplied by 2.5 to estimate number of fish. Total visible redd counts from flight surveys are used to calculate redd curves for total redd-days and then divided by a standard 21-day redd life to estimate total redds, unless real-time redd life data is available and deemed more applicable. Most spawning takes place in the North Fork Stillaguamish River from the mouth upriver to RM 34.4, especially between RM 14.3 to 30.0. Spawning is also observed in the Boulder River (RM 0.0 to 2.9), Squire Creek (RM 0.0 to 4.0), French Creek (RM 0.0 to 2.9), Deer Creek (RM 0.0 to 1.5), and Grant Creek (RM 0.0 to 0.4). In years of higher stream flows, spawning can also take place in smaller tributaries including Rollins, Ashland, Furland, Brown`s, and Fortson creeks. Allozyme analysis has shown that North Fork Stillaguamish Chinook are genetically distinct from the South Fork stock (Marshall et al. 1995). North Fork Chinook more closely resemble Skagit basin Chinook stocks than do South Fork Chinook. About 11,000 years ago, the Sauk-Suiattle river system flowed into the North Fork until glacial erosion lowered the divide between the Skagit and Stillaguamish basins, and the Sauk-Suiattle became a tributary of the Skagit (Marshall et al. 1995). Peter Verhey Peter.Verhey@dfw.wa.gov 07/25/2019 12:00:00 AM 12 1083 South Fork Stillaguamish Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Stillaguamish Basin Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 300. Low abundance threshold undefined for stock. For both Stillaguamish Chinook stocks combined: Rebuilding ER = 25% (total), Critical ER ceiling=15% SUS. Ref 2 Low abundance threshold for both Stillaguamish Chinook stocks combined=650 This is a native stock with wild production. South Fork Stillaguamish Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts for the entire South Fork Stillaguamish basin. As of 2007, data are total escapement estimates based on total redd counts from aerial, foot and float surveys on the mainstem Stillaguamish and South Fork Stillaguamish rivers, and Pilchuck, Jim, Siberia, and Canyon Creeks. Total new redd counts are multiplied by 2.5 to estimate number of fish. Total visible redd counts from flight surveys are used to calculate redd curves for total redd-days and then divided by a standard 21-day redd life to estimate total redds, unless real-time redd life data is available and deemed more applicable. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem and South Fork Stillaguamish and in Canyon, Jim and Pilchuck creeks. Genetic analysis has shown that this stock is genetically distinct from the North Fork Chinook stock. It is more closely related to Snohomish basin Chinook stocks than is the North Fork stock (Marshall et al. 1995). Peter Verhey Peter.Verhey@dfw.wa.gov 05/18/2010 12:00:00 AM 13 1106 Skykomish Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Snohomish Basin Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 4,600. Low abundance threshold = 2800. For both Snohomish basin stocks combined: Rebuilding ER = 21%, Critical ER ceiling = 15% SUS. Low abundance threshold for both Snohomish basin Chinook stocks combined=15% SUS. This is a native stock with composite production. Green River-origin Chinook were released from Wallace Hatchery. However, that practice has been discontinued, and only Wallace River Chinook are now released. Skykomish Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and genetic composition (Puget Sound TRT 2001). Data are total spawner abundance estimates based on redd counts from aerial, foot and float surveys plus Sunset Falls passage. On the Pilchuck, Sultan, and Wallace rivers and Elwell, Wallace, Bridal Veil, and Olney creeks, multiple MRC (marked redd censuses) are used to count all new redds. On the mainstem Snohomish, Skykomish, and North Fork Skykomish Rivers, total visible redd counts from flight surveys are used to calculate redd curves (AUC method) for total redd-days and then divided by a standard 21-day redd life to estimate total redds, unless real-time redd-life data is available and deemed more applicable. Redds are assumed to represent females. All estimates of total redds are then multiplied by 2.5 to estimate the total number of fish (females plus males). Counts of Chinook passed above Sunset Falls on the South Fork Skykomish are then added. Spawning takes place throughout the mainstem Skykomish and Snohomish rivers. Spawning also occurs in the Pilchuck River, Wallace River, Bridal Veil Creek, Sultan River, Elwell Creek, and in the North and South forks of the Skykomish, including spawning areas above Sunset Falls on the South Fork. Allozyme analysis has shown that Skykomish summer Chinook are genetically distinct from all other Puget Sound Chinook stocks examined (Puget Sound TRT 2001). Peter Verhey Peter.Verhey@dfw.wa.gov 04/04/2019 12:00:00 AM 14 1108 Snoqualmie Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Snohomish Basin Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 4600. Low abundance threshold = 2800. For both Snohomish basin stocks combined: Rebuilding ER = 21%, Critical ER ceiling = 15% SUS. Low abundance threshold for both Snohomish basin Chinook stocks combined=15% SUS. This is a native stock with wild production. Snoqualmie Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total spawner abundance estimates based on redd counts from aerial, foot and float surveys. On the Tolt and Raging Rivers, and Tokul Creek, multiple MRC (marked redd censuses) are used to count all new redds. On the mainstem Snoqualmie, several total visible redd counts from flight surveys are used to calculate redd curves (AUC method) for total redd-days and then divided by a standard 21-day redd life to estimate total redds, unless real-time redd life data is available and deemed more applicable. Redds are assumed to represent females. All estimates of total redds are then multiplied by 2.5 to estimate the total number of fish (females plus males). Spawning takes place throughout the Snoqualmie River and major tributaries including Raging and Tolt rivers and Tokul Creek. Allozyme analysis has shown that this stock is genetically distinct from all other Puget Sound Chinook stocks examined (Marshall 1997). Peter Verhey Peter.Verhey@dfw.wa.gov 04/04/2019 12:00:00 AM 15 1113 Upper Cowlitz and Cispus Spring Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Upper Cowlitz/Cispus Spring Chinook were identified as stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and early spawning timing. Historically, spring Chinook spawned in the Cispus River between Iron and East Canyon Creeks. Currently, natural spawning returns are part of an upper Cowlitz and Cispus River reintroduction program. Since 1994, adults have been trapped below Mayfield Dam and hauled above Cowlitz Falls Dam to the Cispus River. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 10/28/2024 12:00:00 AM 16 1128 Sammamish Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Lake Washington Chinook EG=350 Goal is for Bear Creek only. This is a mixed stock with composite production. Sammamish Chinook, formerly North Lake Washington Tribs Chinook, were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are the sum of index area escapement estimates for the two primary Chinook spawning areas within the Sammamish basin; 1) Bear Creek/Cottage Lake Creek and 2) Issaquah Creek. Chinook spawning escapement for the Bear/Cottage area is based on counts of live Chinook in Bear Creek (RM 1.3 to RM 7.1) and in Cottage Lake Creek (RM 0 to RM 2.3), and spawning escapement for the Issaquah area is comprised of total carcass counts in lower Issaquah Creek (RM 1.0 to RM 3.0) and East Fork Issaquah Creek (RM 0.0 to RM 3.1). Small numbers of Chinook are observed spawning in other portions of the Sammamish watershed in most years, but are not included in these escapement estimates. Sammamish Chinook primarily spawn in Issaquah Creek, Bear Creek, and Cottage Lake Creek. Additional areas that support Chinook spawning include larger tributaries to the Sammamish River (North, Swamp, and Little Bear Creeks) and larger tributaries to Lake Washington (Kelsey, Coal, May, Thornton, and McAleer Creeks). Allozyme analysis of the Issaquah and North Lake Washington Tribs Chinook stocks has yielded no strong indication that the two stocks are genetically distinct (Marshall 2000). Microsatellite DNA analysis also showed no evidence that the Issaquah and North Lake Washington Tribs populations were significantly different from one another (Young and Shaklee 2000). Both Lake Washington stocks were significantly different from Soos Creek Hatchery (Green River) Chinook and from White River (Puyallup) spring Chinook sampled at the Hupp Springs Hatchery (Young and Shaklee 2000). Genetic data provide moderately strong support for the current independence of Chinook salmon spawning in the Sammamish River basin. Joseph Short joseph.short@dfw.wa.gov 03/30/2022 12:00:00 AM 17 1144 Cedar Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Lake Washington Chinook EG = 1,200. Upper mgmt threshold = 1,200. Low abundance threshold = 200. Rebuilding ER = 15% PT SUS, Critical ER ceiling = 12% PT SUS. Ref 2 This is a native stock with wild production. Cedar chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Total natural spawning escapement to the Cedar River mainstem, including both Hatchery-Origin and Natural Origin spawners. Estimates from 1999 to the present are based on total redd counts (complete census) in the Cedar River mainstem, with an expansion factor of 2.5 fish per redd. Values prior to 1999 were calculated using live count data and Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) estimates of escapement, which were subsequently multiplied by a factor of 1.399. The 1.399 factor was calculated by regressing AUC estimates against Redd-Based estimates between the years 1999 and 2008 (the years when redd-based escapements and AUC-based escapements were estimated simulateously). Some spawning typically occurrs in small Cedar River tributaries like Rock Creek and Taylor Creek; the number of fish spawning in these tributaries is relatively small and highly variable, and fish spawning in these tributaries are not included in this estimate of escapement. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Cedar River. Some spawning also occurs in Taylor Creek, and spawning may occur in Rock Creek when flows are adequate. Allozyme analysis has shown that Cedar chinook are significantly different from the Sammamish River Chinook stock (Marshall 2000). Joseph Short joseph.short@dfw.wa.gov 03/30/2022 12:00:00 AM 18 1160 Green River (Duwamish) Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Duwamish/Green River Chinook EG = 5,800. Upper mgmt threshold = 5,800. Low abundance threshold = 1,800. Rebuilding ER = 15% PT SUS, Critical ER ceiling = 12% PT SUS. Ref 2 This stock is a native stock with composite production. Broodstock for the original Soos Creek hatchery chinook program in this watershed came from native Green River adults either captured on the river or diverted into Soos Creek by a weir placed across the river near the mouth of the creek in the early 1900s. Eggs from out-of-basin hatcheries have occasionally been imported to supplement eggs takes at Soos Creek, but the hatchery stock has remained, to a very large extent, a local Soos Creek stock. There is a significant amount of genetic interchange between wild and hatchery-origin chinook that return to the hatchery rack and are spawned each year, and conversely, between stray hatchery adults and wild fish that intermingle on spawning grounds within the basin. Green River (Duwamish) chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in the mainstem Green River from RM 26.7 to RM 61.0, and in Newaukum Creek from RM 0.0 to 3.9. Most spawning generally takes place in the mainstem Green River from RM 23 to 61.2 and in the lower six miles of Newaukum and Soos creeks. Allozyme analysis has shown no significant difference between Newaukum Creek natural spawners and Soos Creek hatchery chinook. Green River mainstem natural spawners have not been analyzed. Soos Creek Hatchery chinook were also not significantly different from Issaquah Hatchery chinook, Skykomish Hatchery fall chinook or Marblemount Hatchery summer/fall chinook (Marshall et al. 1995, Marshall 2000). Nathanael Overman Nathanael.Overman@dfw.wa.gov 04/20/2015 02:58:21 PM 19 1176 Puyallup Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Puyallup River Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 500 (South Prairie Creek only). Low abundance threshold = 500. Recovery ER = 50% (total), Critical ER ceiling = 12% PT SUS. Ref 2 This is a stock of mixed origin with composite production. There were extensive releases of non-native hatchery chinook stocks including stocks from Hood Canal, Deschutes, Minter Creek and Green River from 1973 to1988. Puyallup chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are: 1) total escapement estimates based on a new escapement estimation methodology developed in 1999. This method expands cumulative redd counts or area-under-the-curve from a variety of index reaches throughout the Puyallup River basin; 2) Escapement estiamtes since 1999 not comparable to earlier estimates. Spawning takes place in the mainstem Puyallup, Carbon, and White rivers, South Prairie Creek and various smaller tributaries. Allozyme analysis of 1992 and 1993 South Prairie Creek naturally-spawning chinook showed that they are similar to Green River chinook and their hatchery derivatives including Hood Canal, Puyallup, Deschutes, Skykomish and Issaquah hatchery chinook (Marshall et al. 1995). Gabriel Madel Gabriel.Madel@dfw.wa.gov 02/14/2022 12:00:00 AM 20 1184 White River Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Puyallup River Chinook Interim Recovery = 1,000 unmarked (NOR) adults at Buckley trap with normal level of sport, commercial and tribal incidental harvest. Upper mgmt threshold = 1,000. Low abundance threshold = 200. Rebuilding ER = 20% (total), Critical ER ceiling = 15% SUS Ref 2;Ref 3 This stock is a native stock with composite production. A captive broodstock program was initiated in the 1970s but has since been discontinued. In addition to natural production, the stock is now propagated at the WDFW Hupp Springs Hatchery on the Kitsap Peninsula and at the Muckleshoot Tribe`s White River Hatchery. Any juveniles in excess of hatchery program needs are released from acclimation ponds in the upper White River above Mud Mountain Dam to supplement the naturally spawning component of the stock. White River Chinook, formerly White River (Puyallup) spring chinook, were identified as a stock based on their early river entry (beginning in April), spawning timing, and genetic composition. Data are counts of adult Spring Chinook spawners at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers adult trap on the White River (RM 24.3) near Buckley, WA. Juveniles at the MIT White River Hatchery and the WDFW Hupp Springs Hatchery are released into the White River from acclimation ponds in the upper watershed, above Mud Mountain Dam. These juveniles are marked with left or right ventral fin clips. Adult chinook with ventral fin clips are included in the counts of White River spring chinook at the Buckley trap. Spawning takes place in the mainstem White River, West Fork White River, in the lower reaches of the Clearwater and Greenwater rivers and in lower Huckleberry Creek. Spawning historically took place above Mud Mountain Dam. Allozyme and DNA analyses have shown White River Chinook to be genetically distinct from all other Washington chinook stocks (Marshall et al. 1995). Recent microsatellite DNA analysis indicates that fall chinook are intermingled with spring chinook at the Buckley trap (Shaklee and Young in review). Gabriel Madel Gabriel.Madel@dfw.wa.gov 04/01/2022 12:00:00 AM 21 1200 Nisqually Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Nisqually River Chinook EG=1,200 Increased from 1,100. Includes natural- and hatchery-origin fish. This is a mixed stock with composite production. The native chinook stock may have been largely replaced by Soos Creek Hatchery (Green River) chinook released into the Nisqually system and from Soos Creek Hatchery-origin strays from the Nisqually Tribe`s Clear Creek and Kalama Creek hatcheries and the WDFW McAllister Creek Hatchery. Stock origin is difficult to determine because the life history and genetic composition of the native Nisqually stock may have resembled those of other South Sound chinook stocks, including Green River and Puyallup (Anne Marshall, WDFW, personal communication). Current genetic and life history patterns could reflect native stock characteristics and/or extensive introgression with South Sound hatchery fish and so are not very informative (Puget Sound TRT 2001). Nisqually Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data prior to 2012 are total escapement estimates based on mainstem Nisqually live and dead counts from RM 21.8 to 26.2 and Mashel River peak live plus dead fish counts from RM 0.0 to 3.2. Data from 2012 to current are total escapement estimates calculated using a new methodology (Change In Ratio). Most spawning occurs in the mainstem Nisqually from RM 15.0 to 40.0, Mashel River (RM 0.0 to 3.2), Ohop Creek (RM 0.0 to 6.2), and approximately the lower half-mile of Twentyfive Mile Creek, Yelm Creek, Horn Creek, and Muck Creek. Spawning also occurs in the mainstem above river mile 3 and in numerous side channels. Chinook spawning in the Nisqually mainstem, Mashel River and Ohop Creek were sampled in 1998, 1999 and 2000. Allele frequencies of the combined samples were similar to those of a few South Sound hatchery and wild chinook populations. They were distinct from North Sound and other Washington chinook. The extent of hatchery-origin fish in the genetic samples is currently unknown (Anne Marshall, WDFW, personal communication). Gabriel Madel Gabriel.Madel@dfw.wa.gov 10/19/2022 10:00:00 AM 22 1208 Skokomish Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Skokomish River Chinook Natural EG = 1,650. Upper mgmt threshold = 1,650 natural, 3,650 total. Low abundance threshold = 1,300. Rebuilding ER = 15% PT SUS, Critical ER ceiling = 12% PT SUS. Ref 2 The Skokomish chinook stock is a mixed stock with composite production. Chinook returning to the George Adams Hatchery or Endicott Ponds on the lower Skokomish River stray in substantial numbers onto Skokomish system natural spawning areas. Skokomish chinook were identified as a stock in 2002 based on their distinct spawning distribution. Estimates of naturally spawning chinook are based on counts of live spawners and/or redds in the mainstem and North Fork Skokomish from RM 2.2 to 15.6, in upper 3 tenths of a mile of Hunter Creek, and in the South Fork Skokomish RM 0.0 to 5.5. Hatchery escapements are based on counts at the George Adams Hatchery rack on Purdy Creek, a lower Skokomish River tributary. The total escapement values for this stock are the sums of the natural and hatchery escapements. Spawning takes place in the mainstem Skokomish, in the lower portions of the North and South forks of the Skokomish, and in Purdy, Vance and Hunter creeks. Hatchery spawning takes place at George Adams Hatchery. Allozyme analysis results to date suggest that there is no significant genetic differentiation between Skokomish natural chinook spawners and George Adams Hatchery/Hoodsport Hatchery chinook. Extensive transfers of South Sound hatchery chinook to George Adams and Hood Canal hatcheries have taken place. However there appears to be some differentiation between Hood Canal-area chinook and South Sound chinook, indicating that some level of differentiation may be occurring in Hood Canal stocks following the cessation of transfers from South Sound hatcheries. Although allozyme allele frequency divergence is not evidence of local adaptation, it often signifies reproduction isolation. Local adaptations are more likely to be maintained in populations that are reproductively isolated (Marshall 2000). Darby Finnegan Darby.Finnegan@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2024 01:29:35 PM 23 1236 Mid Hood Canal Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Mid-Hood Canal Chinook Natural EG = 750. Upper Mgmt threshold = 750. Low abundance threshold = 400. Rebuilidng ER = 15% PT SUS, Critical ER ceiling = 12% PT SUS. Ref 2 This is likely a mixed stock with composite production. We assume that many of the naturally spawning chinook were strays from local hatcheries and/or were adults returning from hatchery fry released into the Hamma Hamma, Duckabush, or Dosewallips rivers. From 1995 through 1999, a hatchery supplementation program used broodstock from George Adams Hatchery (Skokomish River system) to produce chinook fry for release into the Hamma Hamma and Duckabush rivers. Beginning in 2000, only chinook adults returning to the Hamma Hamma were included in the program as broodstock. The Dosewallips program was discontinued in 1993 and the Duckabush program in 1999. Mid-Hood Canal chinook were identified as a stock in 2002 based on their distinct spawning distribution. The stock is composed of chinook that spawn in the Hamma Hamma, Duckabush, and Dosewallips watersheds. Data are index escapement estimates based on redd counts and/or live spawner counts 1) from RM 0.3 to 1.8 in the Hamma Hamma River and in lower John Creek, a tributary; 2) from RM 0.0 to 2.3 in the Duckabush River; and 3) from RM 0.0 to 2.3 or RM 0.0 to 6.7 on the mainstem Dosewallips River. In addition, upper reaches have been surveyed in the Duckabush and Dosewallips rivers since 1998. Chinook spawn 1) in the lower two miles of the Hamma Hamma River and occasionally in the lower reaches of John Creek, a tributary; 2) in the lower three miles of the Duckabush River; and 3) in the lower twelve miles of the Dosewallips River. Genetic characterization of Mid-Hood Canal chinook has, to date, been limited to comparison of adults returning to the Hamma Hamma River in 1999 with other Hood Canal and Puget Sound populations. These studies, although not conclusive, suggest that Hamma Hamma returns are not genetically distinct from the Skokomish River returns, or recent George Adams and Hoodsport hatchery broodstock (Anne Marshall, WDFW, unpublished data). The reasons for this similarity are unclear, but straying of chinook that originate from streams further south in Hood Canal and hatchery stocking could e contributing causes. Mark Downen Mark.Downen@dfw.wa.gov 02/20/2025 01:24:57 PM 24 1240 Dungeness Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Dungeness River Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 925. Low abundance threshold = 500. Rebuilding ER = 10% SUS, Critical ER ceiling = 6% SUS. Ref 2 This is a native stock with composite production. A joint state-tribal hatchery-based supplementation program for Dungeness chinook began in 1992 and is carried out at the WDFW Dungeness and Hurd Creek hatcheries. Dungeness chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and timing. Stock identification is supported by genetic analysis. Data are total escapement estimates expanded from redd counts from RM 0.0 to 18.7 in the Dungeness River and from RM 0.0 to 5.1 in the Gray Wolf River, an estimate of the number of adult Chinook that spawned naturally in the Dungeness and Gray Wolf rivers. Escapement estimate includes both NORs and HORs, and the number of adult Chinook collected by WDFW hatchery staff for supplementation program. Most spawning takes place from the mouth to RM 18.9 in the mainstem Dungeness and the lower 6.1 miles of the Gray Wolf River. Allozyme analysis to examine family contributions to a state-tribal hatchery-based supplementation program for Dungeness has been conducted. No examination of the relationship between Dungeness chinook and other chinook stocks has been made (Anne Marshall, WDFW, personal communication). Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2026 04:24:02 PM 25 1248 Elwha Chinook Chinook Puget Sound Chinook Threatened Puget Sound Elwha River Chinook Upper mgmt threshold = 2,900. Low abundance threshold = 1,000. Rebuilding ER = 10% SUS, Critical ER ceiling = 6% SUS. Ref 2 This is a native stock with composite production. The WDFW Elwha Hatchery collects broodstock from the Elwha River annually. The wild and hatchery components are completely intermingled. Elwha chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Stock identification is supported by genetic analysis. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts from RM 0.2 to 4.8. As of 1997, data are total escapement estimates based on combining expanded redd counts from RM 3.2 to 4.4, broodstock collection, and pre-spawn mortalities. Summer chinook spawn naturally in the portions of the lower 4.9 miles of the Elwha River, below the lower Elwha dam, though most of the suitable spawning habitat is below the City of Port Angeles water diversion dam at RM 3.4. Allozyme analysis has shown that Elwha chinook are genetically distinct from all other Washington chinook stocks examined (Marshall et al. 1995). Heidi Connor heidi.connor@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 06:27:31 PM 26 1256 Hoko Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Puget Sound No MPG Specified Upper mgmt threshold = 850. Low abundance threshold = 500. Rebuiding ER = 10% SUS, Critical ER ceiling = 6% SUS. Ref 2 Upper mgmt threshold is for all western SJF, though Hoko is only recognized stock. RER is for all western SJF, though Hoko is only recognized stock. This is a native stock with composite production. The Makah Tribe is conducting a hatcherysupplementation program that uses native broodstock to rebuild the stock. Hoko chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Stock identification has been supported by genetic analysis. Data are: 1) estimates of the number of spawners after up to100 pairs of chinook are removed for broodstock for the Makah Tribe`s Hoko chinook rebuilding program, 2) numbers of chinook actually removed for broodstock, and 3) total run escapement (spawners plus broodstock). Spawner estimates are expanded from redd counts in the upper and lower mainstem Hoko; the little Hoko River, a tributary to the lower Hoko; Herman, North Fork Herman, Ellis Bear, Cub and Brownes creeks, all tributaries to the upper Hoko river. Numbers of natural chinook spawners have significantly increased since the inception of the Hoko Falls Hatchery supplementation program in 1982, from counts of less than 200, before hatchery supplementation was initiated, to exceeding the natural escapement goal of 850 in three out of the last six years (1996 to 2001). Despite these recent successes and the increasing trend in run size, the numbers of chinook remaining in the river to spawn after brood stock removal have exce Most spawning takes place in the mainstem up to about RM 21.5, in the little Hoko River, a tributary to the lower Hoko mainstem and in Herman, Ellis, Bear, Cub and Brownes creeks, upper Hoko mainstem tributaries. Allozyme analysis has shown that Hoko chinook are genetically distinct from all other Washington chinook stocks examined, although they share some allele frequency similarities with north coastal stocks (Marshall et al. 1995). Heidi Connor heidi.connor@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2026 05:32:33 PM 27 1264 Tsoo-Yess Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified This is a native stock with composite production. Fish are spawned at the Makah National Fish Hatchery, and fry are released into the drainage. Tsoo-Yess fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and genetic differences. The stock was historically named Sooes Fall Chinook until a recent name change. Not currently monitored. Spawning takes place throughout the watershed up to RM 13.8 in the mainstem before an impassable falls and in up to 39 miles of tributaries. Most spawning occurs primarily within the first three miles of the mainstem Tsoo-Yess River below the Makah National Fish Hatchery (MNFH) conversion dam. Active adult passage above the dam has occurred for 15 years by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS). Fall Chinook sampled at Makah NFH in 1997 were genetically distinct from other Washington Chinook stocks examined. Natural spawners have not been sampled (Anne Marshall, WDFW, pers comm). It is unlikely that hatchery plants of Green River Fall Chinook into the Tsoo-Yess River that occurred about 50 years ago had a much influence on the genetic integrity of the native Tsoo-Yess River Fall Chinook stock, however Tsoo-Yess Chinook do show some similarities to Puget Sound Chinook, which could be the result of these introductions (Mike Crewson, Makah Tribe, pers comm). Jennifer Whitney Jennifer.Whitney@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2026 09:42:34 AM 28 1288 Sol Duc Summer Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG=1,200 for all summer Chinook stocks combined in the Quillayute basin. Ref 4 This is a mixed stock with composite production. This stock is composed of a native summer run stock and a non-native spring run stock. Chinook from WDFW Sol Duc Hatchery, which are likely a mixture of Dungeness Chinook and some Sol Duc summer Chinook, are known to stray onto wild spawning grounds. Since 1987 the Quileute Tribe has operated a summer Chinook hatchery program at Bear Springs using brood stock from the wild spawning population. Subsequent scale analyses revealed that a significant portion of the brood stock were of hatchery origin. Chinook from this program also stray onto wild spawning grounds. The summer Chinook stock may be a mixture of hatchery spring Chinook and native summer Chinook. Presently 100% of the hatchery fish are marked which will help distinguish hatchery and wild fish on the spawning grounds. Sol Duc summer Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry (April to mid-August), and spawning timing. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Sol Duc River (RM 18.0 to RM 45.0). Spawning is also observed in Beaver and Bear creeks in years of moderate to high late summer flows. Genetic analysis has been done on this stock. There was little discernable difference between the spring (hatchery) stock and the summer (natural) stock. Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 09:35:26 PM 29 1291 Sol Duc Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for all Quiilayute basin fall Chinook stocks combined= 3,000 or 60% of runsize, whichever is greater Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. A small hatchery program using native brood stock was discontinued in the early 1990s. Sol Duc fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, later river entry timing (September to late November), and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas on the mainstem Sol Duc (RM 5.6 to 53.5, RM 11.2 to 13.0, RM 18.6 to 22.6 and RM 41.1 to 43.0). Surveyed index areas also include Gunderson, Shuwah, Lake, Beaver and Bear creeks. Spawning takes place in the mainstem Sol Duc River up to the forks and in larger tributaries including Gunderson, Shuwah, Lake, Beaver and Bear creeks. Genetic analysis has not been done on Sol Duc fall Chinook. Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 09:35:26 PM 30 1304 Quillayute-Bogachiel Summer Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG=1,200 for all summer Chinook stocks combined in the Quillayute basin Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Quillayute/Bogachiel summer Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing (early April to mid-August) and spawning timing. The Quileute Tribe recommends this stock to be associated with the Sol Duc rather than with the Bogachiel. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas of the Bogachiel River. Index areas surveyed include the mainstem Bogachiel River (RM 5.0 to 8.7, RM 8.7 to 15.7, RM 19.2 to 20.2 and RM 0.0 to 31.0). Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Bogachiel River. Redds are also consistently observed in the mainstem Quillayute River. Genetic analysis has not been done on Quillayute/Bogachiel summer Chinook. Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 09:35:26 PM 31 1307 Quillayute-Bogachiel Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for all Quiilayute basin fall Chinook stocks combined= 3,000 or 60% of runsize, whichever is greater Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Quillayute/Bogachiel fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, later river entry timing (September to late November), and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas on the mainstem Bogachiel River (RM 0.0 to 31.0, RM 5.0 to 8.7, RM 8.7 to 15.7 and RM 19.2 to 20.2). Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Bogachiel River and Bear Creek. In high-flow years, smaller Bogachiel River tributaries may also be utilized. Fewer redds are seen in the mainstem Quillayute River, except during low-flow years. Genetic analysis has not been done on Quillayute/Bogachiel fall Chinook stock. Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 09:35:26 PM 32 1312 Dickey Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for all Quiilayute basin fall Chinook stocks combined= 3,000 or 60% of runsize, whichever is greater Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Dickey fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, later river entry timing (September to late November), and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas on the mainstem Dickey River (RM 5.1 to 8.0, RM 1.0 to 5.1 - Supplemental and RM 18.5 to 19.5) and in Colby Creek, East Fork Dickey and West Fork Dickey rivers. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem, East Fork and Middle Fork Dickey rivers. Genetic analysis has not been done on Dickey fall Chinook stock. Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 09:35:26 PM 33 1328 Calawah Summer Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG=1,200 for all summer Chinook stocks combined in the Quillayute basin Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Calawah summer chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing (early April to mid-August), and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas of the Calawah and Sitkum rivers. Surveyed index areas include the mainstem Calawah River (RM 0.0 to 15.3, RM 8.7 to 10.5 and RM 13.3 to 15.3) and in the North Fork Calawah and Sitkum rivers. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Calawah and South Fork Calawah rivers. In years with high flows, spawning can take place in the lower three miles of the Sitkum River and the lower three miles of the North Fork Calawah River. Genetic analysis has not been done on Calawah summer chinook. Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 09:35:26 PM 34 1331 Calawah Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for all Quiilayute basin fall Chinook stocks combined= 3,000 or 60% of runsize, whichever is greater Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Calawah fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, later river entry (September to late November), and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas on the mainstem Calawah River (RM 8.7 to 10.5 and RM 13.3 to 15.3) and in the North Fork Calawah River, Cool and Hyas creeks and the Sitkum River. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Calawah and lower South Fork Calawah rivers. In some years spawning is observed in the lower three miles of the Sitkum River and in the lower 11 miles of the North Fork Calawah River. Genetic analysis has not been done on Calawah fall Chinook stock. Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 09:35:26 PM 35 1344 Hoh Spring-Summer Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG= 900 or 69% of runsize, whichever is greater Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Hoh spring/summer Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing (late April through August) and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas in the mainstem Hoh River (RM 24.2 to 30.0 and RM 36.2 to 39), supplemental mainstem index areas on the mainstem Hoh River (RM 12.0 to 24.2, RM 30.0 to 36.2 and RM 39.0 to 44.8) and in the South Fork Hoh River (RM 0.0 to 11.6). Index areas surveyed also include Winfield, Owl and Mount Tom creeks. Spawning takes place in the uppermost reaches of the north and south forks of the Hoh River, the mainstem Hoh River and in Mt. Tom Creek. Spawning also occurs in larger tributaries or upper river spring-fed tributaries following large, early freshets. Genetic analysis has not been done on samples taken from Hoh spring/summer Chinook. Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 09:35:26 PM 36 1349 Hoh Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG= 1,200 or 60% of runsize, whichever is greater Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Hoh fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, later river entry timing (September to late November), and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas including the mainstem Hoh River (RM 24.2 to 30.0), supplemental index areas from the mainstem Hoh River (RM 6.8 to 24.2 and RM 30.0 to 31.7) and in tributaries including South Fork Hoh, Nolan, Anderson, Winfield, Elk, Alder, Willoughby, Lindner, Braden, Lost, Pole, Spruce, Owl, Iron Maiden, Shelter, Camp, Twin, Hoh creeks and unnamed tributary 20.0511. Spawning takes place in the mainstem Hoh from RM 3.0 to the lower three miles of the North and South Forks Hoh rivers and in most of the larger tributaries. Genetic analysis has not been done on samples taken from Hoh fall Chinook. Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 09:35:26 PM 37 1360 Queets Spring-Summer Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for both Queets basin summer stocks combined is 700 or 70% of runsize, whichever is greater Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Releases of non-native hatchery spring/summer Chinook have occurred, but not for a number of years. Genetic impacts on native Queets spring/summer Chinook are thought to be minimal. Queets spring/summer Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing (early April to mid-August) and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates derived from redd counts in index areas on the Queets River. Index areas include the mainstem Queets River (RM 23.5 to 25.8, RM 6.6 to 23.5 and RM 25.8 to 30.6). Spawning takes place in the mainstem Queets up to about RM 39.0 and in the lower portions of some of the major tributaries such as Tshletsky and Matheny creeks and Sams River. Genetic analysis has not been done on Queets spring/summer Chinook. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 07/14/2020 12:00:00 AM 38 1365 Queets Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for both Queets basin fall stocks combined is 2,500 or 60% of runsize, whichever is greater. Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Queets fall chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, later river entry timing (September to late November), and late spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on cumulative redd counts in index reaches and supplemental survey observations, expanded to basin total escapement estimates. Index areas surveyed include the mainstem Queets River (RM 23.5 to 25.8), the Salmon River (RM 2.2 to 3.7 and RM 4.0 to 4.7), Mud Creek (RM 0.0 to 0.4), Matheny Creek (RM 0.5 to 2.7), North Creek (RM 0.0 to 0.8) and Sams River (RM 1.9 to 3.0). Spawning takes place in the mainstem Queets to about RM 39.0 and in the lower portions of some of the major tributaries such as Tshletsky and Matheny creeks as well as Sams and Salmon rivers. Genetic analysis has not been done on Queets fall chinook. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 07/14/2020 12:00:00 AM 39 1376 Clearwater Spring-Summer Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for both Queets basin summer stocks combined is 700 or 70% of runsize, whichever is greater Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Clearwater spring/summer chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing (early April to mid-August) and early spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates derived from redd counts in index areas on the Clearwater River. Index areas include the mainstem Clearwater River (RM 0.0 to 23.0 - aerial) and three concurrent foot surveys covering 4.4 miles for comparison of data. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Clearwater River up to the confluence with the Sollecks River (RM 23.0). Genetic analysis has not been done on Clearwater spring/summer chinook. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 07/14/2020 12:00:00 AM 40 1381 Clearwater Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for both Queets basin fall stocks combined is 2,500 or 60% of runsize, whichever is greater. Ref 4 This is a native stock with wild production. Clearwater fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, later river entry timing (September to late November), and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on cumulative redd counts in index reaches and supplemental survey observations, expanded to basin total escapement estimates. Index areas surveyed include the mainstem Clearwater River (RM 0.5 to 2.7, RM 15.5 to 17.0 and RM 22.3 to 23.0), Hurst Creek (RM 0.0 to 1.4), Shale Creek (RM 0.0 to 2.0), West Fork Miller Creek (RM 0.0 to 1.0), East Fork Miller Creek (RM 0.0 to 0.5), Christmas Creek (RM 0.0 to 1.3), Peterson Creek (RM 0.0 to 0.3), Deception Creek (RM 0.0 to 0.5), Snahapish Creek (RM 0.0 to 1.6) and Bull Creek (RM 0.0 to 0.6) as well as the Stequaleho River (RM 0.0 to 1.8) and the Solleks River (RM 0.0 to 1.2). Spawning takes place in the mainstem Clearwater River up to the confluence with the Sollecks River (RM 23.0) and in the lower portions of Miller and Christmas creeks and Sollecks River. Genetic analysis has not been done on Clearwater fall Chinook. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 07/14/2020 12:00:00 AM 41 1392 Quinault Spring-Summer Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified No goals established This is a native stock with wild production. There are early-returning hatchery Chinook in the basin that cannot be distinguished from the native stock, and there is some potential for hybridization between them. Quinault spring/summer Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing (early April to mid-August) and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas expanded to basin-wide totals. Index areas surveyed include the Upper Quinault mainstem (RM 43.9 - 45.0) and the East Fork Quinault ( RM 48.0 - 52.6). Over 90% of the spawning habitat is surveyed by helicopter in mid. - late September. Coverage area includes the Lower Quinault mainstem (RM 4.3 - 33.0), Upper Quinault (RM 36.2 - 46.8), East Fork Quinault (RM 46.8 - 53.0), and North Fork Quinault (RM 0.0 - 7.5). Tributary coverage includes the lower reaches of both Graves and Big Creeks. Most spawning takes place in the upper mainstem Quinault River from the Quinault Lake inlet (RM 36.2) upstream to Graves Creek (RM 52.6). Some spawning also occurs in the North Fork Quinault River (RM 0.0 to 7.5) and in the lower mainstem Quinault River (RM 16.0 to 33.0). Genetic analysis has not been done on Quinault spring/summer Chinook. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 10/06/2016 05:20:21 PM 42 1397 Quinault Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for Quinault basin is 2,500 or 60% of runsize, whichever is greater. This is a native stock with wild production. Quinault fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, later river entry timing (August through November) and spawning timing. Data are natural and hatchery origin total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas expanded to basin-wide totals. Index areas surveyed include the Lower Quinault (RM 28.2 - 31.2), Ten OClock Cr (RM 0.0 - 1.1), Prairie Cr (RM 0.0 - 1.4), Boulder S. Cr. (RM 0.0 - 0.9), Kestner Cr. (0.0 - 1.2), Big Cr (RM 0.5 - 1.6), and the East Fork Quinault (RM 46.8 - 48.0). Over 90% of the mainstem spawning habitat is usually surveyed by helicopter in early - mid. November. Peak surveys target upper segments of index surveys plus tributaries such as Boulder North, Willaby, Falls, Gatton, Ziegler, Canoe, and Fletcher. Note: Cook Creek, a left bank tributary located at RM 16.4, is not included in the SaSI Quinault Fall Chinook component. Refer to the Cook Creek Fall Chinook SaSI report for this stock separation. Most spawning takes place in the lower mainstem Quinault River (RM 4.0 to 33.0), the upper mainstem Quinault River (RM 36.2 to 52.6), the North Fork Quinault River (RM 0.0 to 7.5) and Big Creek. Spawning also occurs in Fletcher, Inner, Willaby, Ten Oclock, Boulder South and Prairie creeks. Genetic analysis has not been done on Quinault fall Chinook stock. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 03/01/2022 12:00:00 AM 43 1400 Cook Creek Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified No goal established This is a mixed stock with composite production. The Cook Creek fall Chinook stock is a mixture of non-native stocks that was originally developed to create an early-timed fall Chinook run for harvest. The stock was originally composed of a variety of North Coast and Puget Sound stocks reared at the Quinault National Fish Hatchery. Some adults are expected to spawn naturally. Cook Creek fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are natural and hatchery origin total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas expanded to basin-wide totals. The index area surveyed is from RM 1.7-3.6. Peak spawning surveyed reaches include RM 0.0 - 1.7 and RM 3.6 - 4.5. An electric weir barrier is at RM 4.5 - the location of the US Fish and Wildlife hatchery facility. Note: Cook Creek, a left bank tributary located at RM 16.4, is not included in the SaSI Quinault Fall Chinook component. Most spawning takes place in the upper portion of Cook Creek below the USFWS hatchery facility. Spawning also occurs in the lower Cook and Elk creeks. Genetic analysis has not been done on Cook Creek fall Chinook stock. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 10/06/2016 05:20:21 PM 44 1404 Bear River Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified This is small a natural-origin stock, probably supported by strays from other Willapa Bay tributary Chinook stocks. Bear River Fall Chinook are based on their geographic location. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas expanded to basin escapement. Most spawning takes place in 8.5 miles of the mainstem Bear River from river mile 3.5 to 12. Collection of tissues samples for genetic analysis and stock identification was initiated in 2014. Nicholas Vanbuskirk Nicholas.Vanbuskirk@dfw.wa.gov 12/07/2023 06:55:18 PM 45 1406 Nemah Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified This is a native stock with composite production. There has been a long history of releases of hatchery Chinook into the Nemah River from the WDFW Nemah hatchery and this stock is probably supported by naturally spawning hatchery-origin strays. Hatchery broods are naturally adapted hatchery and natural origin Chinook. There have been historical transfers of hatchery brood from Forks Creek and Naselle River hatcheries. Nemah Fall Chinook are based on their geographic location. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas expanded to basin escapement. Most spawning takes place in Willams Creek and North Fork Nemah, with spawning also occurring in the Middle and South Forks Nemah. Collection of tissues samples for genetic analysis and stock identification was initiated in 2014. Nicholas Vanbuskirk Nicholas.Vanbuskirk@dfw.wa.gov 12/07/2023 06:55:18 PM 46 1407 Palix Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified This is small a natural-origin stock, probably supported by strays from other Willapa Bay tributary Chinook stocks. Palix Fall Chinook are based on their geographic location. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas in 1.6 miles of the Canon River expanded to basin escapement. Collection of tissues samples for genetic analysis and stock identification was initiated in 2014. Nicholas Vanbuskirk Nicholas.Vanbuskirk@dfw.wa.gov 12/07/2023 06:55:18 PM 47 1408 Humptulips Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG=2,236 Stock-specific goal being re-examined, subject to change This is a native stock with wild production. Although various non-native hatchery stocks were introduced into the Humptulips system between the early 1950s and 1984, hybridization has not been substantiated genetically. The Willapa Hatchery stock released into the Humptulips River is most likely to have hybridized with the native stock. The hatchery population was similar to its nearest neighbors such as in the Wishkah and Wynoochee rivers. Due to the genetic similarity of neighboring stocks (such as stock from Naselle Hatchery) to the Grays Harbor/Chehalis population group, it would be difficult to quantify introgression between Willapa and Humptulips natives using allozyme markers. Also, spawn timing of Humptulips River stock is later than the spawn timing of Willapa stock. If hybridization between the native stock and the hatchery stocks has occurred, it is probably insignificant (Anne Marshall, WDFW, pers comm). Humptulips fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas expanded to basin-wide totals. Index areas surveyed include the mainstem Humptulips River (RM 6.9 to 28.1 and RM 16.7 to 19.4), West Fork Humptulips River (RM 28.1 to 45.8 and RM 36.7 to 40.6) and East Fork Humptulips River (RM 0.0 to 15.5 and RM 1.6 to 4.4). Surveyed tributaries include Big, Hansen, Stevens, Britian, Ellwood, Widow, O`Brien, Donkey, Newbury, Rainbow and Grouse creeks. Additional unnamed tributaries surveyed include 22.0066, 22.0067, 22.0069 and 22.0072. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Humptulips, the East Fork Humptulips (to RM 15.5), the West Fork Humptulips Rivers (to RM 45.8) and in Big, Stevens, Donkey, O`Brien, Newberry, Rainbow, Brittain and Grouse creeks. Fall Chinook sampled at Humptulips Hatchery in 1990 were significantly different from those of other Washington Chinook stocks examined. They were genetically most similar to other Grays Harbor/Chehalis Basin Chinook populations. Although no sample of Humptulips River natural spawners is available, hatchery broodstock has been taken from the local population since the mid- 1980s. Thus the hatchery genetic profile may be representative of the wild spawners (Ashbrook and Fuss 1996). Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 12/08/2015 05:18:34 PM 48 1416 Hoquiam Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG=619 This is a native stock with wild production. Hoquiam fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas expanded to basin-wide totals. Index areas surveyed include the West Fork Hoquiam River (RM 9.4 to 10.7--supplemental, RM 10.9 to 13.3, and RM 13.3 to 14.5--supplemental), East Fork Hoquiam River (RM 7.5 to 9.9--supplemental, RM 9.9 to 12.6, and RM 12.6 to 16.0--supplemental), and Middle Fork Hoquiam River (RM 1.4 to 1.9--supplemental, RM 1.9 to 4.2, and RM 4.2 to 6.1--supplemental). Surveyed tributaries include Davis Creek. Most spawning takes place in the East and West Fork Hoquiam rivers. Occasionally spawning is observed in Davis Creek and less often in the Middle Fork Hoquiam River. Genetic analysis has not been done on Hoquiam fall Chinook. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 12/08/2015 05:18:34 PM 49 1432 Chehalis Spring Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG=1,400 Stock-specific goal being re-examined, subject to change This is a native stock with wild production. Cowlitz River (lower Columbia River basin) hatchery-origin spring Chinook were released into the Wynoochee River in the mid-1970s. It is unlikely that there was any significant hybridization with the existing native stock. Chehalis spring Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing (begins in late January to early February) and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas. Index areas surveyed include the mainstem Chehalis River (RM 33.3 to 42.1, RM 44.9 to 50.5, and RM 103.7 to 106.2), Black River (RM 4.2 to 8.6), Skookumchuck River (RM 6.4 to 10.9, RM 10.9 to 21.3--supplemental, and RM 21.3 to 21.9), Newaukum River (RM 9.8 to 18.5--supplemental, RM 18.5 to 20.8, RM 20.8 to 27.3--supplemental, and RM 27.3 to 30.3), North Fork Newaukum (RM 0.3 to 2.4--supplemental, RM 2.4 to 6.9, RM 6.9 to 7.9--supplemental, and RM 7.9 to 10.3), and the South Fork Chehalis (RM 3.0 to 4.3, and RM 4.3 to 5.1--supplemental). One helicopter flight is also included on the mainstem Chehalis River (RM 25.2 to 67.0 and RM 81.3 to 109.9), Black River (RM 0.0 to 8.6), Newaukum River (RM 0.0 to 10.8), and South Fork Chehalis River (RM 0.0 to 5.1). Surveyed tributaries include Stillman and Elk creeks. Most spawning takes place in the Skookumchuck, Newaukum, South Fork Chehalis and the mainstem Chehalis rivers (RM 33.3 to 67.0 and RM 81.3 to 113.4). Some spawning occurs in the Black River and in Elk and Stillman creeks. Allozyme analysis has shown Chehalis spring Chinook, represented by fish from the Skookumchuck River, to be genetically distinct from Chehalis fall Chinook (Marshall et al. 1995). Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 12/08/2015 05:18:34 PM 50 1435 Chehalis Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG = 5,209. EG for all Chehalis basin fall Chinook stocks combined = 12,364. Stock-specific goal being re-examined, subject to change This is a native stock with wild production. Although various non-native hatchery fall Chinook stocks were introduced into the basin from the early 1950s through the mid-1970s, information regarding these releases is poor. The potential for hybridization between native and non-native stock did exist. Chehalis fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and later river entry timing (early September through October). Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas expanded to basin-wide totals. Index areas surveyed include the mainstem Chehalis River (RM 25.2 to 67.0 and RM 81.3 to 109.0, RM 33.3 to 42.2, RM 47.0 to 52.5--supplemental, and RM 103.7 to 106.2), Black River (RM 0.0 to 8.6 and RM 4.2 to 8.6), Skookumchuck River (RM 6.4 to 10.9, RM 14.3 to 21.3--supplemental, RM 21.3 to 21.9), Newaukum River (RM 0.0 to 10.8), South Fork Newaukum River (RM 16.3 to 18.5--supplemental, RM 18.5 to 20.8 and RM 27.3 to 29.6), North Fork Newaukum River (RM 4.5 to 6.9--supplemental, and RM 7.9 to 10.3--supplemental) and South Fork Chehalis River (RM 0.0 to 5.1, RM 3.0 to 4.3 and RM 4.3 to 5.19--supplemental). Adults trapped and placed upstream at the Elk Creek trap are included in the escapement estimate. Surveyed tributaries include Cloquallum, Wildcat, Porter, Cedar, Waddell, Stillman, Elk, Big and Jones creeks. Spawning takes place throughout the Chehalis basin upstream from the Satsop River. Major spawning areas include the mainstem Chehalis River (RM 28 to 67 and RM 88 to 108), Black, Newaukum and Skookumchuck rivers as well as Cloquallum and Porter creeks. Spawning also takes place in Cedar Creek, Stillman Creek and the South Fork Chehalis River. Genetic analysis has not been done on Chehalis fall Chinook. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 02/28/2026 12:11:42 AM 51 1440 Wishkah Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG = 1,148. EG for all Chehalis basin fall Chinook stocks combined = 12,364. Stock-specific goal being re-examined, subject to change This is a native stock with wild production. In the 1980s native Chinook were collected for hatchery broodstock. That program ended in late 1980s, and spawning is now entirely wild. Wishkah Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas expanded to basin-wide totals. Index areas surveyed include the Middle Fork Wishkah River (RM 16.7 to 21.5--supplemental, RM 21.5 to 24.5 and RM 24.5 to 29.4--supplemental), West Fork Wishkah River (RM 0.0 to 1.8--supplemental and RM 8.1 to 9.8) and East Fork Wishkah River (RM 3.2 to 5.9--supplemental). Surveyed tributaries may include Cedar and Hopper creeks. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Wishkah River. Fewer spawners are observed in the east and west forks of the Wishkah River. Wishkah River fall Chinook spawners were sampled in 1990 and 1993, and allele frequencies were significantly different from those of other Washington Chinook stocks examined, except for Wynoochee River fall Chinook (Marshall 2002). Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 12/08/2015 05:18:34 PM 52 1448 Wynoochee Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG = 1,951. EG for all Chehalis basin fall Chinook stocks combined = 12,364. Stock-specific goal being re-examined, subject to change This is a native stock with wild production. There have been three releases of non-native hatchery fall Chinook into the Wynoochee basin. Numbers of fish released were small. The potential for hybridization between introduced and native Chinook existed but was not very great. Wynoochee fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas expanded to basin-wide totals. Index areas surveyed include the mainstem Wynoochee River (RM 1.7 to 47.9), RM 5.6 to 8.1--supplemental, RM 8.1 to 15.4 and RM 29.1 to 31.2). Adults trapped at RM 47.9 and hauled above the Wynoochee reservoir are also included in the escapement estimate. Surveyed tributaries include Bitter, Helm, Carter, Schafer, Anderson and Big creeks as well as unnamed tributary 22.0298. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Wynoochee River above RM 10.5 and in Carter, Schafer and Helm creeks. Small numbers of spawners are seen in Big and Anderson creeks. Wynoochee River fall Chinook spawners were sampled in 1990 and 1993 and found to be significantly different from those of other Washington Chinook stocks examined, except for Wishkah River fall Chinook (Marshall 2002). Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 12/08/2015 05:18:34 PM 53 1464 Satsop Summer Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified No goal established This is a mixed stock with wild production. Several early-timed Chinook hatchery stocks were introduced into the Satsop basin at least from the early 1950s into the 1970s. While the Satsop summer Chinook stock spawns slightly earlier than most of the introduced stocks, the potential for some hybridization still exists. Satsop summer Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing (begins in late August) and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas expanded to basin-wide escapement counts. Index areas surveyed include the mainstem Satsop River (RM 2.4 to 6.3--supplemental and RM 6.3 to 11.0), East Fork Satsop River (RM 11.0 to 12.4 and RM 12.4 to 17.5--supplemental) and West Fork Satsop River (RM 7.3 to 17.0--supplemental). Surveyed tributaries include Decker Creek. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem East Fork Satsop River. Occasionally a few spawners are seen in Decker Creek, an east fork tributary. Genetic analysis has not been done on Satsop summer Chinook. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 12/08/2015 05:18:34 PM 54 1469 Satsop Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG = 3,423. EG for all Chehalis basin fall Chinook stocks combined = 12,364. Stock-specific goal being re-examined, subject to change This is a native stock with composite production. Although there have been extensive releases of nonnative fall hatchery Chinook including Humptulips, Willapa Bay, Puget Sound, Columbia River and Oregon coastal stocks, into the Satsop basin since 1952, genetic evidence from the East Fork Satsop River stock indicates a more native profile. There is no lingering evidence of Puget Sound Chinook genetic contribution in the East Fork Satsop River stock sampled. The Oregon and Columbia River stock releases were minor, and no genetic evidence of their contribution has been found (Meyers et al. 1998). Hybridization with the native stock has apparently been insignificant (Marshall 2002). Satsop fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, later river entry timing (begins in early October) and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts within intensive and supplemental index areas and expanded to basin-wide totals. Index areas surveyed include the mainstem Satsop River (RM 2.5 to 6.3--supplemental and RM 6.3 to 11.0), East Fork Satsop River (RM 11.0 to 12.4, RM 12.4 to 14.7 and RM 14.7 to 17.5--supplemental). Adults trapped and placed upstream above the Bingham hatchery complex located at the confluence of the East Fork Satsop and Bingham Creek (RM 17.5) and those fish collected at the Bingham Creek Trap (RM 0.9) were included in the escapement estimate. Surveyed tributaries include Black, Canyon, Decker, Dry Run and Bingham creeks as well as unnamed tributary 22.0459. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Satsop River, Canyon River and the east and west forks of the Satsop River. Spawning also occurs in Bingham, Decker and Black creeks as well as unnamed tributaries 22.0366 and 22.0372. East Fork Satsop River fall Chinook spawners sampled in 1993 were found to be significantly different from those of other Washington Chinook stocks examined. They were genetically most similar to other south Washington coast fall-run stocks. Fall Chinook in other Satsop Basin areas have not been sampled (Marshall 2002). Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 12/08/2015 05:18:34 PM 55 1472 South Bay Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified No stock-specific goal established. EG for all Chehalis basin fall Chinook stocks combined = 12,364. This is a non-native stock with wild production. Historical records of salmon utilization in these areas make no mention of fall Chinook presence (Royal 1932). In the early 1950s and late 1960s to early 1970s, releases of imported hatchery stocks similar to those of other Grays Harbor areas were used. The success of these releases was not monitored. South Bay fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Most spawning takes place in the lower Johns River. Genetic analysis has not been done on South Bay fall Chinook. Raymond Scharpf Mike.Scharpf@dfw.wa.gov 12/08/2015 05:18:34 PM 56 1480 North River-Smith Creek Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for all Willapa Bay fall Chinook=4,350 This is a native stock with wild production. Three releases of fall Chinook have occurred in Fall River in the 1960s. The releases originated from Willapa Bay hatcheries and were normal-timed fall Chinook stock. There is no history of early-timed Chinook released into Fall River. While some potential for hybridization did exist, Fall River early-timed Chinook are not thought to have been significantly impacted and are considered native in origin. North River/Smith Creek fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and early spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas within the North River and Smith Creek. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem North River near the confluence with the Fall River, in the lower Fall River and in Smith and Ramie creeks. Some spawning also occurs in Lower Salmon River, left and right fork of Ramie creeks and Clearwater Creek. Genetic analysis has not been done on North River/Smith Creek fall Chinook. Nicholas Vanbuskirk Nicholas.Vanbuskirk@dfw.wa.gov 12/07/2023 06:55:18 PM 57 1484 Willapa Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for all Willapa Bay fall Chinook=4,350 This is a mixed stock with composite production. There has been a long history of releases of non-native hatchery Chinook into the Willapa River, and there is a large Chinook hatchery program at the WDFW Forks Creek Hatchery. Willapa fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas of the Willapa River basin. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Willapa and South Fork Willapa rivers and Trap Creek. Spawning also occurs in Rue, Mill, Half Moon and Garbage Dump creeks. Genetic analysis has not been done on Willapa fall Chinook. Nicholas Vanbuskirk Nicholas.Vanbuskirk@dfw.wa.gov 12/07/2023 06:55:18 PM 58 1486 Naselle Fall Chinook Chinook Washington Coast Chinook Not Warranted Washington Coastal No MPG Specified EG for all Willapa Bay fall Chinook=4,350 This is a mixed stock with composite production. The Naselle Hatchery fall Chinook stock was derived from brood stock at the Nemah and Willapa hatcheries. The majority of the naturally spawning Chinook in the Naselle River are likely non-native hatchery fish. Naselle Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas within the Naselle River. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Naselle and the North and South Fork Naselle rivers. Some spawning also occurs in Alder and Brock creeks. No genetic analysis has been done on naturally spawning Naselle fall Chinook. Naselle Hatchery fall Chinook, sampled in the late 1980s and in 1990, are genetically distinct from all other Washington Chinook stocks examined (Marshall et al. 1995). Nicholas Vanbuskirk Nicholas.Vanbuskirk@dfw.wa.gov 12/07/2023 06:55:18 PM 59 1496 Grays-Chinook Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Coastal Fall-Run Chinook Recovery goal = 1,400 spawners. Max. recovery exploitation rate = 42%. Minimum natural EG = 200. Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 17;Ref 16 Includes Chinook River This is a mixed stock with wild production. A native population of fall chinook existed in the Grays River prior to the construction of Grays River Hatchery in 1960. Until recently, a significant portion of the fall chinook spawners in the Grays River were hatchery strays. The fall chinook program at the Grays River Hatchery ended in 1998. The present population is a probably mix of native and hatchery-origin fish with life history characteristics common to those of other lower Columbia River tule fall chinook stocks. Grays/Chinook fall chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on annual peak live plus dead spawner counts from the Grays River Hatchery (RM 1.4 on the West Fork Grays River) downstream to the Covered Bridge (RM 10.8), a distance of 3.6 miles. Most spawning occurs from the covered bridge (RM 8.6) on the mainstem upstream to the Grays River Hatchery on the West Fork Grays River (RM 1.4). No genetic analysis has been done on Grays River fall chinook. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 60 1508 Elochoman-Skamokawa Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Coastal Fall-Run Chinook Recovery goal = 1,400 spawners. Max. recovery exploitation rate=42%. Interim min. natural EG=300 for Elochoman, No goal established for Skamokawa. Hatchery broodstock goal=1,289 (Elochoman Hatchery). Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 17;Ref 16 This is a mixed stock with composite production and is similar in life history to other tule fall chinook stocks in the lower Columbia. Currently a significant portion of the naturally spawning chinook in Skamokawa Creek are hatchery strays (Harlan 1999). A native fall chinook population existed in the Elochoman prior to the construction of the Elochoman Hatchery in 1953. Since then most natural spawners have been excess hatchery fish passed above the hatchery rack. In 1997, 82% of naturally spawning chinook in the Elochoman were hatchery-origin fish (Harlan 1999). Elochoman/Skamokawa fall chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on annual peak live plus dead spawner counts from the confluence of Standard and McDonald creeks (RM 6.6) downstream to Wilson Creek (RM 2.1) plus total annual peak live plus dead spawner counts from the Elochoman Hatchery (RM 9.4) downstream to the Foster Road bridge (RM 3.4). Most spawning in Skamokawa Creek takes place in a 4.5- mile stretch of water from Wilson Creek upstream to Standard and MacDonald creeks. Most spawning in the mainstem Elochoman takes place between RM 4 and 9. No genetic analysis has been done on Skamokawa Creek fall chinook. Samples of Elochoman fall chinook spawners were taken in 1995 and 1997. Marked Rogue River (Oregon) chinook from net pen releases have been found in the Elochoman River, and 23 were included in the 1995 sample. When known Rogue River fish were removed from the sample, allozyme analysis showed that Elochoman chinook allele frequencies were similar to but distinct from those of other Columbia River chinook. Some introgression with Rogue River fish may have occurred (Marshall et al. 1995). Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 61 1525 Mill-Abernathy-Germany Creeks Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Coastal Fall-Run Chinook Recovery goal = 1,100 spawners. Max. recovery exploitation rate=42% Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 16 This is a mixed stock with composite production. Fall chinook that presently spawn in Mill Creek are a mixture of hatchery fish, and may include Abernathy Creek Salmon Culture Technology Center strays (Marshall 1995). Based on life history and timing, Mill.Abernathy/Germany Creeks chinook resemble mid-Columbia tule fall chinook stocks such as White Salmon River and Wind tule fall chinook more closely than neighboring lower Columbia tule fall stocks (Marshall 1995). Abernathy Creek may not have supported a native fall chinook stock (Marshall et al. 1995). Fall chinook that presently spawn in Abernathy Creek are likely a mixture of hatchery-origin chinook (Marshall 1995). Germany Creek may not have supported a native fall chinook stock (Marshall et al. 1995). Fall chinook that presently spawn in Germany Creek are probably a mixture of hatchery-origin fish. . Mill/Abernathy/Germany Creeks fall chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on annual peak fish counts from the Mill Creek road bridge downstream to the mouth, a distance of two miles, plus estimates based on annual peak live plus dead spawner counts from the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service Abernathy Creek Salmon Culture Technology Center downstream to the mouth of Abernathy Creek, a distance of three miles, plus total escapement estimates based on annual peak live plus dead spawner counts from RM 3.5 downstream to the mouth of Germany Creek. Most spawning takes place from the mouth of Mill Creek upstream to Mill Creek Bridge at RM 2, from Abernathy Creek mouth upstream to the Abernathy Creek Salmon Culture Technology Center at RM 3, and from the Germany Creek mouth upstream to RM 3.5. No genetic analysis has been done on Mill Creek fall chinook. Allozyme allele frequencies from Abernathy Creek chinook spawners sampled in 1995, 1997, and 1998 were significantly different from other Columbia River chinook, except Kalama hatchery fall chinook (Myers et al. 2002). A sample of naturally produced smolts taken in 1995 was not similar to a sample of hatchery fish from the Abernathy Creek Salmon Culture Technology Center (Anne Marshall, WDFW, personal communication). This result may be due to genetic drift because Abernathy hatchery chinook have been found spawning in Abernathy Creek. The hatchery fish are derived largely from Spring Creek National Fish Hatchery chinook. No genetic analysis has been done on Germany Creek fall chinook. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 62 1554 Cispus Spring Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 12/16/2020 12:00:00 AM 63 1557 Lower Cowlitz Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Recovery goal = 2,300 spawners. Max. recovery exploitation rate=42%. Interim min. natural EG=3,000. Hatchery broodstock goal=2,600 (Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery). Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 17;Ref 16 Goal applies below the dams This is a mixed stock with composite production and is similar in life history to other tule fall chinook stocks in the lower Columbia. Fall chinook are native to the Cowlitz watershed. Spawners are a mixture of native and hatchery-origin fish but are mostly strays from Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery (DeVore 1987). Historically hatchery broodstock have been mostly native Cowlitz fall chinook. However four non-native plants of juvenile chinook occurred between 1951 and 1981, including Toutle (1952 and 1968), Kalama (1971) and Big Creek, Kalama and Bonneville (1981). Lower Cowlitz Fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on annual peak redd counts from the barrier dam at the Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery (~ RM 50) downstream to Kelso Bridge (RM 4.9). Historically, the native run spawned throughout the watershed from the river mouth upriver into tributaries as far as Ohanapecosh and Tilton rivers. However, with the construction of Mayfield Dam (1962), spawning is now limited to mainstem waters below the dam. No genetic analysis has been done on naturally spawning Cowlitz fall chinook. Allozyme analysis of Cowlitz Hatchery fall chinook sampled in 1981, 1982 and 1988 showed that they were similar to, but distinct from, Kalama hatchery fall chinook and distinct from all other Washington chinook examined (WDF and WDW 1993). Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 64 1558 Upper Cowlitz Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook The historical upper Cowlitz adult population is estimated from 24,000-28,000 fish, where they were distributed throughout the upper basin. The natural return was blocked by Mayfield Dam in 1962. Salmon and steelhead were passed over the dam from 1962-66 and hauled to the Tilton and upper Cowlitz from 1967-80, and again beginning in 1994. Genetic analysis of Cowlitz River Hatchery fall Chinook from 1981, 1982, and 1988 determined they were similar to, but distinct from, Kalama Hatchery fall Chinook and distinct from other Washington Chinook stocks. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 65 1560 Coweeman Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Recovery goal = 3,600 spawners. Max. recovery exploitation rate=42%. Interim min. natural EG=1,000. Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 17;Ref 16 This is a native stock with wild production. In the 1992 SASSI, Coweeman fall chinook were characterized as being of mixed native and non-native origin with composite production based on a history of releases of Spring Creek, Washougal and Toutle hatchery chinook between 1951 and 1979. However, more recent analysis (Myers et al. 2002) indicates that Coweeman fall chinook are not especially similar to any existing lower Columbia River Hatchery chinook stock and are the most distinctive of the Washington lower Columbia tule fall chinook stocks. Coweeman fall chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and genetic composition. This population is one of two tule populations without a history of significant hatchery influence and is considered a genetic legacy population. This population has historically been used as an indicator stock for the calculation of fishery impacts on lower Columbia River fall Chinook. Data are total escapement estimates based on annual peak live plus dead spawner counts from the mouth of Mulholland Creek downstream to the Jeep Club Bridge (Libby Road Bridge), a distance of about six miles. Most spawning occurs from the Jeep Club bridge upstream to Mulholland Creek. Allozyme analysis of Coweeman fall chinook spawners sampled in 1996 and 1997 showed that they are significantly different from all other Columbia Basin chinook stocks examined, including lower Columbia River hatchery fall chinook such as Cowlitz (Myers et al. 2002). Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 66 1577 Toutle Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Toutle Fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. This was historically a large fall Chinook population and has been designated as a core population by the TRT. Prior to the eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980, most fall Chinook spawned in the lower 5 miles of the mainstem Toutle and in the lower NF Toutle, but also spawned as far upstream as Coldwater Creek on the NF Toutle River (46 mi from the river mouth). The eruption devastated much of the spawning area in the mainstem and NF Toutle. Current spawning primarily occurs in the lower Green below the North Toutle Hatchery (~0.6 mi), and in the lower SF Toutle from the 4700 Bridge to the confluence with the mainstem Toutle River (~2.6 mi). Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 67 1578 Toutle Spring Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Spring-Run Chinook No information Designated population in the Lower Columbia River Recovery Plan No information Extirpated No information; diversity assumed to be greatly reduced as seen with other LCR Spring Chinook populations Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 02/10/2021 12:00:00 AM 68 1592 Kalama Spring Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Spring-Run Chinook Recovery goal = 1,400 spawners. Min. natural EG=500. Hatchery broodstock goal=400 (Kalama Falls Hatchery). Ref 1:Table 3 This is a mixed stock with composite production. The current stock is composed of fish that are surplus to the needs of hatchery production. Hatchery broodstock has been released into the Kalama from a variety of sources including Eagle Creek (Oregon), Willamette (Oregon), Cowlitz and Little White Salmon rivers, although the hatchery broodstock is still about 88% native (Myers et al. 2002), and genetic analysis has shown them to be distinct from Willamette and other lower Columbia spring chinook stocks. Kalama spring chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, spawning timing, and genetic composition. Data are census counts from fish passed above Kalama Falls Hatchery and spawner estimates based on annual spawner surveys from Kalama Falls Hatchery (RM 10.4) downstream to the Interstate 5 bridge (RM 1.2) Most spawning occurs above Kalama Falls Hatchery (RM 10.4). Most spawning in the upper watershed occurs from the Kalama Falls Hatchery to about RM 20, although some spawners go as far as upper Kalama Falls (RM 36.8). No analysis has been done on naturally spawning Kalama spring chinook. Allozyme analysis of Kalama Hatchery spring chinook sampled in 1990 showed that they are relatively similar to, but genetically distinct from, Cowlitz Hatchery and Lewis spring chinook and are distinct from all other Columbia Basin spring chinook (Marshall et al. 1995). Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 10/25/2024 10:21:35 PM 69 1595 Kalama Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Recovery goal = 1,300 spawners. Max. recovery exploitation rate=42%. Interim natural EG=2,000 w/ interim min. EG between Modrow Weir and Kalama Falls Hatchery=450. Hatchery broodstock goal=2,420. Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 17;Ref 16 This is a mixed stock with composite production and is similar in life history to other tule fall chinook stocks in the lower Columbia. Hatchery fish, largely from the Kalama basin, have been released into the watershed since Fallert Creek Hatchery was completed in 1895. In 1959, Kalama Falls Hatchery went into production. Broodstock for both facilities has been taken from a temporary rack near Modrow Bridge. There have been relatively few introductions of out-of-basin chinook into the hatchery programs (Myers et al. 2002). The present annual release goal is 3.5 million sub-yearling chinook. Surplus hatchery fall chinook are released above the falls. It is probable that a significant number of natural spawners are hatchery strays. Kalama fall chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on annual peak live plus dead spawner counts from Italian Creek (RM 10) downstream to the I-5 bridge (RM 1.3), a distance of 8.7 miles. Most spawning takes place from the I-5 bridge upstream to Italian Bridge. Lower Kalama Falls (RM 10.5) is the natural limit to upstream migration. However, surplus hatchery fish are released above the falls. No genetic analysis has been done on naturally spawning Kalama fall chinook. Allozyme analysis of Kalama hatchery fall chinook sampled in 1988 and 1989 showed that they were genetically distinct from most other lower Columbia tule fall chinook but not significantly different from Abernathy Creek fall chinook (Myers et al. 2002). This result may reflect genetic drift in these two populations, which are otherwise dissimilar (Marshall et al. 1995). Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 70 1600 North Fork Lewis Spring Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Spring-Run Chinook Recovery goal = 2,200 spawners. Hatchery broodstock goal=800. Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 17 This is a mixed stock with composite production. The native component of the stock may have been extirpated or largely replaced by introduced hatchery stocks (Myers 2002). Lewis spring chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on annual peak live plus dead spawner counts from Merwin Dam (RM19.6) downstream to the Lewis River Hatchery (RM15.7). Historically Lewis River spring chinook spawned throughout the upper watershed, but with the construction of Merwin Dam at RM 19, the majority of the spawning grounds became inaccessible. Today, natural spawning is limited to the four-mile stretch immediately below Merwin Dam. A few chinook have also been observed spawning in the East Fork Lewis River. Lewis spring chinook are genetically similar to, but distinct from, Kalama Hatchery and Cowlitz Hatchery spring chinook stocks and all other Columbia River spring chinook stocks (WDF and WDW 1993). Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 02/23/2021 12:00:00 AM 71 1610 Lewis River Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Recovery goal=2,900 spawners. Max. recovery exploitation rate=42%. Min, natural EF Lewis EG=500. No goal established for NF Lewis or Cedar Cr tules. Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 17;Ref 16 Also includes Salmon Creek. This is a native stock with composite production. Tule fall Chinook occur in both the lower North Fork Lewis and the East Fork Lewis but the east fork supports most of the production. Spawning occurs primarily in the East Fork Lewis from Lewisville Park downstream to Daybreak Feeders (~6 miles). Production of tule fall Chinook from the North Fork is limited, in part due to the large late run fall Chinook population in the mainstem. The EF Lewis holds one of only two fall Chinook populations without a history of significant hatchery influence and is considered a genetic legacy population although baseline numbers are relatively small. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 02/23/2021 12:00:00 AM 72 1620 Lewis River Late Fall (Bright) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Recovery goal=11,600 spawners. NF Lewis EG=5,700. Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 11 Recovery goal includes all bright fall stocks (early and late) Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 02/23/2021 12:00:00 AM 73 1623 Salmon Creek Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Not currently monitored. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 74 1624 Washougal Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Fall-Run Chinook Recovery goal = 5,800 spawners. Max. recovery exploitation rate=42%. Interim minimum natural EG=3000. Hatchery broodstock goal=2270. Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 17;Ref 16 This is a mixed stock with composite production and is similar to in life history other tule fall chinook stocks in the lower Columbia. Fall chinook are native to the Washougal River. Substantial numbers of hatchery fish have been released into this watershed from the Grays, Elochoman, Toutle, Kalama and Bonneville (Oregon) hatcheries. The present annual hatchery release goal is four million subyearlings. Washougal fall chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. This was a large tule fall Chinook population historically and current combined hatchery and wild returns are large. Data are total escapement estimates based on annual peak live plus dead spawner counts from Washougal Hatchery (RM 19.7) downstream to Timber Trails and from Salmon Falls (RM 15.3) downstream to Fords takeout on the mainstem Washougal. Historically, natural spawning occurred up to Salmon Falls (RM 15), which was considered a migration barrier until a fishway was constructed in the 1950s. Most spawning now occurs downstream from Salmon Falls Bridge to the Fish and Wildlife Access, a distance of about four miles. Allozyme analysis of Washougal fall chinook spawners sampled in 1995 and 1996 showed that they are significantly different from other Columbia Basin chinook populations except for Lewis River bright fall chinook. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 03/01/2022 12:00:00 AM 75 1628 Lower Gorge (Columbia) Late Fall (Bright) Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Lower Columbia River Goals have only been established for summer Chinook above Rock Island. Stock origin unknown. Populations is self-sustaining but non-native. Not in ESU. This is a stock of unknown origin with wild production. When the stock was discovered in 1994, WDFW staff speculated that it was composed of strays from the nearby Bonneville Hatchery. However, between 1994 and 1998, only six of the 2,246 carcasses sampled for coded-wire tags came from Bonneville Hatchery (WDFW and ODFW 1998). Genetic analysis indicates that the stock is distinct from up-river bright fall chinook and has not been significantly influenced by any other lower Columbia River chinook stocks, so origin remains unknown. Columbia River Lower Gorge Bright Fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts from RM 141 to 143.5, including areas around Pierce and Ives islands, Hamilton Slough and the Washington shoreline between Duncan and Hamilton creeks. Spawning currently occurs in the Columbia River mainstem from the upper end of Pierce Island to the lower end of Ives Island, along the Washington shore in Hamilton Slough between the mouths of Duncan and Hardy Creeks, and in the lower reaches of Hardy and Hamilton Creeks. There is some potential for competition in the mainstem Columbia with a colonizing population of later-spawning upriver bright fall Chinook. Allozyme analysis has shown that Columbia River Lower Gorge Bright Fall Chinook are genetically distinct from other Columbia River bright fall chinook stocks although they resemble up-river bright fall chinook maintained at the Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery, Bonneville Hatchery (Oregon) and Yakima bright fall chinook (Marshall 1998). Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 12/16/2020 12:00:00 AM 76 1629 Lower Gorge (Columbia) Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Gorge Fall-Run Chinook The historical Lower Gorge Tributaries adult tule fall chinook population is estimated from 300-3,000 fish. The current natural spawning number in the tributaries is about 100 tule fall chinook. However, there are significant numbers of upriver bright stock fall Chinook (not part of the lower Columbia ESU) that spawn primarily in the mainstem Columbia near the Lower Gorge Tributaries. Natural spawning of tule fall chinook occurs primarily in the lower reaches of Hamilton and Hardy creeks. Access in the early fall is dependent on mainstem Columbia and tributary flow conditions. Spawning time in the tributaries peaks in October. Juvenile rearing occurs near and downstream of the spawning areas. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 77 1634 Upper Gorge (Columbia) Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Gorge Fall-Run Chinook This is a shared population with Oregon but most of the habitat exists in Washington. Historically, fall Chinook were limited to the lower reaches of the Wind River, Little Wind River, and Little White Salmon River. Completion of Bonneville Dam inundated primary fall Chinook spawning areas in these rivers. A ladder was constructed in the Wind River at Shipherd Falls in 1956, providing fish access to the upper basin. This historical significance of upper gorge fall Chinook as a demographically independent population is uncertain. Tributary spawning habitats for fall Chinook are limited although significant numbers of mainstem spawners may have occurred. Prospect for significant improvements of this population under current conditons are highly uncertain due to inundation of potential mainstem spawning areas by Bonneville Reservoir. Fall Chinook have been observed up to the Carson NFH (RM 18), but the majority of spawning occurs in the lower two miles of the mainstem Wind River. Spawning may also occur in the Little Wind River (RM 1) and in the Little White Salmon River in a quarter mile stretch of river downstream from the Little White Salmon Hatchery and upstream of Drano Lake. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 03/01/2022 12:00:00 AM 78 1656 Big White Salmon River Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Gorge Fall-Run Chinook Recovery goal = 900 spawners. No natural EG established Ref 1:Table 3;Ref 17 Assume this goal does not include White Salmon brights (introduced). Not in ESU. This is a mixed stock with composite production. The White Salmon River tule fall chinook stock is represented both in wild spawners and in local hatchery programs. Tule fall chinook are native to the White Salmon River. They were used as broodstock to create the Spring Creek Hatchery tule fall chinook program in 1901. Spring Creek fish have been recovered in the White Salmon River. White Salmon River tule fall chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, spawning timing, appearance (dark color and pale flesh on freshwater entry characteristic Data are total escapement estimates based on peak live plus dead spawner counts from the Condit Dam powerhouse (RM 3.3) downstream to the confluence with the Columbia River. Data usefulness for rating stock status is poor because of poor visibility in the river during fall chinook surveys. Spawning is confined to the lower three miles of mainstem White Salmon River below Condit Dam. No genetic analysis has been done on White Salmon River tule fall chinook. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 79 1658 Big White Salmon River Spring Chinook Chinook Lower Columbia River Chinook Threatened Lower Columbia River Gorge Spring-Run Chinook Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 10/28/2024 12:00:00 AM 80 1664 Big White Salmon River Late Fall (Bright) Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Lower Columbia River No natural EG established Ref 17 Stock comprises stray hatchery and naturally-produced up-river brights historically not present in the Big White Salmon or Little White Salmon.. This is a non-native stock with composite production. White Salmon River bright fall chinook appear to be derived from upriver bright fall chinook from the Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery. White Salmon River bright fall chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, spawning timing, appearance (chrome-bright color and red flesh on freshwater entry characteristic of bright fall chinook) and age composition (five-year old spawners predominate). Data are total escapement estimates based on live plus dead spawner counts from the Condit Dam powerhouse (RM 3.3) downstream to the confluence with the Columbia River. Data usefulness for rating stock status is poor because of poor visibility in the river during fall chinook surveys. Spawning is confined to the lower three miles of the mainstem White Salmon River below Condit Dam. No genetic samples have been taken from natural spawners with later fall spawning timing in the White Salmon River. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 81 1672 Klickitat Spring Chinook Chinook Mid-Columbia River Spring Run Chinook Not Warranted Middle Columbia River Mid-Columbia Spring-Run Chinook Natural escapement goal ranges (5,000 to 10,000 total return)* 0.5= 2,500 to 5,000 short-term natural escapement; recent average is 1,900 total return * 0.5= 950 natural escapement Ref 8 This is a mixed stock with composite production. Spring Chinook are native to the Klickitat. However, there is long history of hatchery releases, using non-native stocks such as Carson, Willamette and Cowlitz Chinook. The current Klickitat Hatchery spring Chinook program releases 200,000 spring Chinook fingerlings and 600,000 yearlings annually. Klickitat spring Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts from float surveys from the WDFW Klickitat Hatchery downstream to Twin Bridges. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem from Parott`s Bridge (RM 40) upstream to McCormick Meadows (RM 80). Spawning is concentrated from RM 60.7 up to Castile Falls (RM 64.2). Allozyme analysis of Klickitat spring Chinook sampled from 1990 to 1993 has shown that they are genetically distinct from other Chinook stocks in the Columbia River basin (Meyers et al. 1998). They are most similar to Lewis spring Chinook (Marshall et al. 1995). Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 10/10/2024 10:21:51 AM 82 1680 Klickitat Fall (Tule) Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Middle Columbia River Eastern Cascades Fall-Run Chinook No natural EG established Ref 8:Appendix F Not managed for natural tule fall Chinook escapement This is a non-native stock with wild production. Fall Chinook are not native to the Klickitat River and did not appear prior to the first fall Chinook plants in 1946. Lyle Falls probably acted as a barrier during the late summer and early fall when stream flow is low in the Klickitat, and fall Chinook are migrating. Hatchery releases of tule fall Chinook ceased in 1986. Only bright fall Chinook have been released from Klickitat Hatchery since 1986. Klickitat tule fall Chinook was identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and run timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on peak live plus dead spawner counts from the Klickitat Hatchery to Twin Bridges. Data usefulness for rating stock status is poor because of poor visibility in the river during fall Chinook surveys. Most spawning takes place from the Twin Bridges upstream to the Klickitat Hatchery, a distance of about 25.9 miles. Allozyme analysis of fall Chinook sampled in 1991 through 1993 at the of year when tule fall Chinook would be expected to be present in the watershed (early fall or summer Chinook) showed them be more similar to Hanford Reach fall Chinook (an up-river bright fall Chinook stock) than to tule fall Chinook (Marshall et al. 1995). This result may reflect a mixed-stock origin. Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 83 1688 Klickitat Late Fall (Bright) Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Middle Columbia River Eastern Cascades Fall-Run Chinook No natural EG established Ref 8:Appendix F Not managed for natural bright fall Chinook escapement This is a non-native stock with composite production. Bright fall Chinook are not native to this system. They were introduced from Priest Rapids and Bonneville hatcheries. Klickitat bright fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on peak live plus dead spawner counts from the Klickitat Hatchery to Twin Bridges. Data usefulness for rating stock status is poor because of poor visibility in the river during fall Chinook surveys. Klickitat bright fall Chinook spawn in the same area as the tule fall Chinook, from the Twin Bridges upstream to the Klickitat Hatchery, a distance of about 25.9 miles. Allozyme analysis has shown that Klickitat bright fall Chinook are genetically similar to the Hanford Reach upriver bright fall stock within the mainstem Columbia (Marshall et al. 1995). Elise Olk Elise.Olk@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2019 12:00:00 AM 84 1696 Snake Fall Chinook Chinook Snake River Fall Run Chinook Threatened Snake River Snake River Chinook Recovery goal =3,000 spawners. Interim restoration goal=7,500 natural spawners + 15, 484 hatchery-origin spawners. Recovery is de-listing goal, Restoration is healthy, harvestable goal This is a native stock with composite production. Snake fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, appearance (an upriver bright fall stock with chrome-bright skin and red flesh on freshwater entry) and genetic characteristics. SaSI data include: 1) Estimated total number of Fall Chinook redds in the Tucannon River. Data is expanded for areas not walked due to landowner access problems; and 2) video and visual counts of adult Chinook at Lower Monumental Dam on the Snake River. These counts include fall Chinook returning to the WDFW Lyons Ferry Hatchery. Additional data are available elsewhere. These include annual run reconstruction estimates of hatchery and naturally produced fall Chinook at Lower Granite Dam, annual redd counts upstream of Lower Granite Dam, as well as some years of redd counts in the tailraces of lower Snake River dams. Multiple genetic studies are also available elsewhere, as well as radio telemetry studies, and juvenile rearing and migration studies, etc. Most spawning takes place from Hell`s Canyon Dam to downstream to near the town of Asotin on the mainstem Snake River. Spawning also takes place in tributaries such as the Clearwater and Salmon rivers in Idaho and the Grande Ronde in Washington and Oregon, and Imnaha river in Oregon. Within Washington waters, spawning takes place in the lower reaches of the Tucannon, Palouse and Grande Ronde rivers and in the mainstem Snake upstream from Asotin. Some spawning also takes place in the tailrace areas below some of the Snake River dams. Allozyme analysis (Marshall et al. 1995) and more recent DNA studies have shown that Snake fall Chinook are genetically distinct from all other Chinook stocks in the Columbia and Snake basins. Michael Herr Michael.Herr@dfw.wa.gov 11/08/2024 12:00:00 AM 85 1704 Tucannon Spring Chinook Chinook Snake River Spring and Summer Run Chinook Threatened Snake River Lower Snake River Chinook Recovery goal= 750 spawners. Restoration goal=2,400-3,400 spawners. Recovery is de-listing goal, Restoration is healthy, harvestable goal This is a native stock with composite production. There is a hatchery supplementation program for this stock at the Tucannon Hatchery as part of the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan to mitigate for the effects of Snake River dams. The program has used only wild broodstock from the Tucannon River. Hatchery juveniles are acclimated in the Curl Lake Acclimation Pond and released into the upper Tucannon River. Because the Tucannon is fairly remote from other hatcheries, straying by other hatchery stocks has been low, but the number of strays from the Umatilla (Oregon) program has been a serious concern during some years. Tucannon spring Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and genetic composition. Data are estimates of spawners on the mainstem Tucannon from the mouth of Sheep Creek (RM 52) downstream to King Grade (RM 21), and counts of adult Chinook at the Tucannon Hatchery trap are reported annually here. Other WDFW data available elsewhere include smolt production estimates, snorkeling or electrofishing surveys and genetic analyses over many years. PIT tag detections within and outside the Tucannon River Basin are also available. PIT tag data to date indicates that over 20% of spring Chinook returning to the Tucannon River bypass it and migrate upstream of Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Tucannon River from the King Grade (RM 21) upstream to the mouth of Sheep Creek in the Wenaha Tucannon Wilderness (RM 52). Spawning has not been observed in Tucannon tributaries. Spawning in Asotin Creek has been indicated based on WDFW genetic analysis of adults captured in lower Asotin Creek (see Blankenship and Mendel 2010). Distribution of other Tucannon spring Chinook spawning upstream of the Tucannon River is not currently known. Allozyme analysis has shown that Tucannon spring Chinook are genetically distinct from other Columbia basin Chinook stocks examined (Marshall et al. 1995) and this has been confirmed by recent DNA analyses by WDFW. Michael Herr Michael.Herr@dfw.wa.gov 11/08/2024 12:00:00 AM 86 1712 Asotin Creek Spring Chinook Chinook Snake River Spring and Summer Run Chinook Threatened Snake River Lower Snake River Chinook Recovery goal=500 spawners (preliminary) Recovery is de-listing goal This was a native stock with wild production. WDFW considers this stock to be extirpated and NMFS and other co-managers have concurred. Since the early 2000s spring Chinook and redds have been documented annually in low numbers and it is believed that these are from outside hatchery programs. Asotin Creek spring Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and that designation was confirmed by National Marine Fisheries Service during ESA listing and subsequent recovery planning. Consists of redd counts, electrofishing surveys, plus adult and smolt trapping in lower Asotin Creek. Most spawning is observed in the North Fork Asotin Creek, but a few redds are found in the upper mainstem near the North Fork. WDFW has operated an upstream migrant adult steelhead trap in lower Asotin Creek since approximately 2005. A few spring Chinook have been captured in late spring in that trap before it is removed in late June or July of each year. In 2010, WDFW conducted a genetic analysis of spring Chinook adults in the lower Asotin Creek and compared them with other Snake River Basin spring Chinook populations to determine their origins. Most of these 31 sampled fish collected in 2005 and 2007 were apparently from the Tucannon River, based on this genetic analysis (Blankenship and Mendel, 2010). Jeremy Trump Jeremy.Trump@dfw.wa.gov 09/18/2024 06:20:29 PM 87 1715 Wenaha Spring Chinook Chinook Snake River Spring and Summer Run Chinook Threatened Snake River Grande Ronde/Imnaha Rivers Chinook Recovery goal=750 spawners. Restoration goal=1,335 spawners. Recovery is de-listing goal, Restoration is healthy, harvestable goal natural origin This stock is recognized as a distinct population based on its geographic location in the lower portion of the Grande Ronde Basin, separated from other naturally spawning spring Chinook. ODFW conducts spring Chinook spawning surveys of the mainstem Wenaha River once or twice each fall. WDFW has conducted sporadic spawning surveys for spring Chinook in upper Butte Creek and the North Fork Wenaha River within Washington. WDFW has conducted electrofishing surveys to determine fish distribution and relative abundance in most of the Wenaha River tributaries within the WA portion of the basin. Only recent years of spawning survey data from ODFW and WDFW are reported here. Spawning spring Chinook have been documented along the mainstem Wenaha River, the North Fork Wenaha in both Oregon and just upstream into the lower portion within WA state, and in most of Butte Creek (including West Butte Creek). Spring Chinook may also use the lower portions of other tributaries within Oregon. ODFW and NMFS may have genetics information on this population. Jeremy Trump Jeremy.Trump@dfw.wa.gov 03/11/2019 12:00:00 AM 88 1720 Hanford Reach Fall Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Middle Columbia River Eastern Cascades Fall-Run Chinook EG=45,000. Harvest Goal=5,000. Priest Rapids Hatchery program goal=10,000. This is a native stock with composite production. Hanford Reach fall Chinook are also maintained and released into the Columbia River from the WDFW Priest Rapids Hatchery. Hanford Reach fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and appearance (an upriver bright fall stock which enters freshwater with chrome-bright skin and red flesh). Data are total escapement estimates based on counts of fall Chinook at McNary Dam minus counts at Ice Harbor, Prosser, Priest Rapids dams, Hanford Reach hatchery returns, and terminal sport fishery harvest. Most spawning takes place in the Hanford Reach of the mainstem Columbia River from Priest Rapids to the Tri-Cities, a distance of about 45 miles. Allozyme analysis has shown Hanford Reach fall Chinook to be genetically distinct from other Washington Chinook stocks examined, including other upriver bright fall stocks in the upper Columbia and Snake rivers (WDF and WDW 1993). Paul Hoffarth Paul.Hoffarth@dfw.wa.gov 02/07/2017 12:00:00 AM 89 1728 Yakima River Bright Fall Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Middle Columbia River Eastern Cascades Fall-Run Chinook EG=5,000. Harvest goal=500. This is a non-native stock of unknown origin with composite production. Fall Chinook are not native to the basin and are probably descendants of upriver bright fall Chinook releases into the Yakima basin. Between 1985 and 1991 an average of 1.8 million non-native upriver bright fall Chinook smolts were released into the Yakima annually. In addition, releases of Klickitat, Priest Rapids, Spring Creek and Little White Salmon hatchery Chinook have been made into the Yakima basin. The Yakama Indian Nation also releases fall Chinook into the Yakima from their hatchery. Yakima fall Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, spawning timing, and genetic composition. Data are: 1) numbers of adult Chinook counted at Prosser Dam on the lower Yakima River; and 2) estimates of the number of Chinook spawning in the lower Yakima River (natural spawning below Prosser dam, both natural and hatchery fish) based on stream surveys from RM 5-49. Allozyme analysis has shown that mainstem spawners, while similar to other mid- and upper Columbia fall Chinook, are genetically distinct from Marion Drain fall Chinook, the other Yakima basin fall Chinook stock (Marshall et al 1995). Paul Hoffarth Paul.Hoffarth@dfw.wa.gov 02/07/2017 12:00:00 AM 90 1744 Marion Drain Fall Chinook Chinook No ESU Specified Not Warranted Middle Columbia River No MPG Specified EG=250 Part of Yakima Bright Fall Chinook EG of 5,000 This is a stock of unknown origin with wild production. Some have speculated that Marion Drain fall Chinook are the remnants of a native stock that was displaced from the lower mainstemYakima River following extensive agricultural development. Their similarity to Snake River and Deschutes fall Chinook is cited as evidence for a mid-Columbia origin. Klickitat tule fall Chinook were released into Marion Drain once in 1976, however Marion Drain fish are bright fall Chinook and do not resemble any tule fall Chinook stock. No other hatchery supplementation has occurred. Marion Drain fall chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are redd counts made throughout the Marion Drain. Spawning takes place in throughout the Marion Drain. Allozyme analysis has shown Marion Drain fall Chinook are genetically distinct from other Columbia basin fall Chinook stocks (WDF and WDW 1993). They are most similar to Snake River and Deschutes (Oregon) fall Chinook (Marshall et al.1995). Paul Hoffarth Paul.Hoffarth@dfw.wa.gov 05/18/2010 12:00:00 AM 91 1747 Upper Yakima River Spring Chinook Chinook Mid-Columbia River Spring Run Chinook Not Warranted Middle Columbia River Mid-Columbia Spring-Run Chinook 20% RER in terminal area (Yakima R.); 550 or 50% natural-origin broodstock collection for Cle Elum Hatchery at Roza Dam This is a native stock with composite production. There have been few releases of non-native hatchery fish. In 1997 the Yakama Indian Nation and WDFW began an experimental supplementation program at the Yakama Cle Elum Hatchery to evaluate the success and biological effects of Chinook supplementation programs. The program has also provided additional fish for both tribal and non-tribal harvest. Upper Yakima spring Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, river entry timing (mid-April to early July) and spawning timing, age composition (four-year old s Data are redd counts from foot and float surveys in the mainstem Yakima from Selah upstream to Keechelus Dam, in the Cle Elum River from the mouth upstream to Cle Elum Dam, in the Teanaway River, and in Manastash Creek. These surveys encompass all known spring Chinook spawning habitat in the upper Yakima basin and are conducted throughout the spawning period. Starting in 2001, counts include hatchery fish intended to supplement the naturally spawning fish. Most spawning now takes place in the mainstem Yakima River from just above the city of Ellensburg (RM 152.2) upstream to the Easton Dam (RM 202.5), and in the Cle Elum River below the Cle Elum Dam. Allozyme analysis has shown that Upper Yakima spring Chinook are genetically distinct from other Columbia basin Chinook stocks examined (WDF and WDW 1993). Anthony Fritts Anthony.Fritts@dfw.wa.gov 01/27/2015 11:18:02 AM 92 1752 Naches Spring Chinook Chinook Mid-Columbia River Spring Run Chinook Not Warranted Middle Columbia River Mid-Columbia Spring-Run Chinook 20% RER in terminal area (Yakima R.) combined tribal C&S and sport harvest This is a native stock with wild production. Several relatively small releases of non-native hatchery spring Chinook, including Klickitat, Ringold, Leavenworth and Carson stocks, have made into the Naches. Other releases of Klickitat, Cowlitz, Ringold, Leavenworth and Carson spring Chinook were made into Nile Creek between 1976 and 1984. The largest release was of 100,000 yearlings in 1982. We do not believe that these non-native fish established themselves in the Naches system. Naches spring Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing (late April through July) and spawning timing, age composition (five-year-old s Data are redd counts from the mainstem Naches, Bumping and Little Naches rivers and Rattlesnake Creek. Surveys encompass essentially all spring Chinook spawning habitat in the Naches system and are conducted throughout the spawning period. Most spawning takes place in the upper Naches, Bumping and Little Naches rivers and in Rattlesnake Creek. Allozyme analysis has shown that Naches spring Chinook are genetically distinct from other Columbia basin Chinook stocks examined (WDF and WDW 1993). Anthony Fritts Anthony.Fritts@dfw.wa.gov 01/27/2015 11:18:02 AM 93 1760 American River Spring Chinook Chinook Mid-Columbia River Spring Run Chinook Not Warranted Middle Columbia River Mid-Columbia Spring-Run Chinook 20% RER in terminal area (Yakima R.) combined tribal C&S and sport harvest This is a native stock with wild production. One release of non-native hatchery spring Chinook occurred when 162,400 Klickitat spring Chinook fingerlings were released in the American River. We believe that this release did not affect the genetic integrity of the native stock. American River spring Chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, river entry timing (late April through June) and spawning timing, age composition (five-year-oldspawners predominate) and genetic composition. Data are redd counts from float and foot surveys in the American River from the mouth upstream to Morse Creek. Surveys encompass all known spring Chinook spawning habitat in the American River watershed. Spawning takes place throughout the mainstem American River. Allozyme analysis has shown that American River spring Chinook are genetically distinct from other Columbia basin Chinook stocks examined (WDF and WDW 1993). Anthony Fritts Anthony.Fritts@dfw.wa.gov 01/27/2015 11:18:02 AM 94 1768 Wenatchee Summer Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Upper Columbia River Eastern Cascades Fall-Run Chinook EG=7,500 This is a mixed stock with composite production. Wenatchee summer chinook are thought to be mixture of native summer chinook and chinook from the Grande Coulee Fish Maintenance Project (1939 to 1943), which dispersed offspring of fish attempting to return to spawning grounds above Grand Coulee Dam into Upper Columbia tributaries below the dam. A Wenatchee summer chinook stock has been maintained at the WDFW Eastbank Hatchery since 1989. Yearling smolts are acclimated in Dryden Acclimation Pond in the Wenatchee basin and released into the Wenatchee River. Wenatchee summer chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, river entry timing (June), spawning timing and genetic composition. Escapement estimates are based on redd counts in the Wenatchee River. Redds counted are multiplied by a fish-per-redd value (generated from run composition data gathered from Dryden Dam and other sites within the Wenatchee River subbasin) to generate the estimate. From 1981 to 1986, aerial surveys were conducted during peak spawning. These aerial surveys were converted and expanded (using ground survey data correction factor) to generate escapement estimates during those years. From 1987-2005, foot surveys in targeted reaches were used to make peak redd counts, which were then expanded to an estimated peak redd count for the entire river. From 2006 to 2013, peak ground counts were conducted throughout the Wenatchee River and expanded to generate a peak expansion count. From 2014 to present, weekly census redd counts have been conducted on the ground for the entire Wenatchee River, allowing for a simple total redd count. During all years, natural-origin spawners were calculated based on reach specific carcass recoveries. Spawning takes place throughout the mainstem Wenatchee River, with highest concentrations located between Lake Wenatchee and Tumwater Canyon, along with the area within eight miles of the town of Leavenworth. Allozyme analysis has shown Wenatchee summer chinook to be genetically distinct from other upper Columbia chinook stocks to which they were compared (WDF and WDW 1993). Katy Shelby Katy.Shelby@dfw.wa.gov 06/27/2024 09:26:20 PM 95 1770 Wenatchee Spring Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Spring Run Chinook Endangered Upper Columbia River Eastern Cascades Spring-Run Chinook Wenatchee Spring Chinook is considered a stock based on unique genetics, spawning distribution, and demographics. This population includes fish in the Wenatchee River and its tributaries, except Icicle Creek. Although it is within the geographic boundaries of this stock Icicle Creek abundance is not included because of the presence of Carson stock hatchery spring chinook, which do not contribute to VSP parameters for this stock. Core spawning areas include White River, Grasshopper Meadows to Napeequa River; Little Wenatchee, Falls to Lost Creek; Chiwawa River, Trinity to the confluence with the Wenatchee River: Nason Creek, Gaynor Falls to the mouth with the Wenatchee River. Genetic analysis of Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) samples from this ESU suggest that samples from the White River (a tributary to the Wenatchee) contributes the majority of the variation observed in this locality. This sampling location also showed the greatest differentiation from other areas, based on a UPGMA clustering. Katy Shelby Katy.Shelby@dfw.wa.gov 12/11/2024 12:00:00 AM 96 1808 Entiat Spring Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Spring Run Chinook Endangered Upper Columbia River Eastern Cascades Spring-Run Chinook Recovery goal=500 spawners (minimum) Baldwin: 500 is the minimum threshold, it would need to be somewhat higher to account for uncertainty and measurement error. This is a mixed stock with composite production. The Entiat National Fish Hatchery releases non-native Carson National Fish Hatchery spring chinook (Snake River and mid- and upper Columbia origin) into the Entiat basin (400,000 subyearlings annually). The Entiat spring chinook stock is probably a mixture of native and non-native fish. Entiat spring chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Index redd counts expanded using the 94-03 mean expansion factor. Used mean 1977 - 1986 fish per redd value to expand redds to spawners because jacks were not counted separately at dams Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Entiat from about RM 5 upstream to the confluence of the North Fork Entiat. Samples from spawners were collected in 2001; smolt samples (brood year 2000) were collected in 2002. Results of DNA analysis are pending. Katy Shelby Katy.Shelby@dfw.wa.gov 04/22/2022 12:00:00 AM 97 1816 Lake Chelan Summer Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Upper Columbia River Eastern Cascades Fall-Run Chinook No goal established This is a non-native stock with wild production. This stock was introduced only to provide sport-fishing opportunities to Lake Chelan. A naturally sustaining population has developed from a mixture of hatchery stocks introduced from 1974 through 1978. A cooperative net-pen program was established in 1989-1990 to supplement natural production. The net pen program has since been halted, but annual plantings have continued up through recent years. Various stocks have been used, including spring and fall stocks, from Puget Sound rivers (Green, Snohomish) as well as Columbia River stocks. The most recent plants are Wells Hatchery fall chinook. Lake Chelan chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Spawning ground surveys are not done on a routine basis and are usually incidental to surveys for other salmon species. Most spawning takes place in the Stehekin River and its tributary, Company Creek. Preliminary genetic analysis of unmarked, and presumed natural-origin, Chinook sampled from the Lake Chelan sport catch in 1997 showed no clear relationship to any single potential stock of origin. Results suggested contributions from multiple stocks (Anne Marshall, WDFW, personal communication). Natural spawners in the Stehekin River have not been sampled. 05/18/2010 12:00:00 AM 98 1824 Methow Spring Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Spring Run Chinook Endangered Upper Columbia River Eastern Cascades Spring-Run Chinook Interim recovery goal=2,000 spawners (minimum viability threshold, natural origin fish only) Baldwin: Needs to be somewhat higher to account for uncertainty and measurement error. This is thought to be a mixed stock with composite production. Carson/Leavenworth spring chinook from the Winthrop National Fish Hatchery and the Leavenworth National Fish Hatchery have been introduced into the Methow River and are thought to have hybridized with the native stock. The WDFW Methow Hatchery now maintains a Methow Composite spring chinook stock as part of a spring chinook supplementation program for the Methow basin. The stock was created in 1997 using mainstem Methow spring chinook spawners, Chewuch spring chinook and possibly Twisp spring chinook. The Twisp spring Chinook stock was created in 1992 at Methow Hatchery from natural origin returns in the Twisp River Methow spring chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, early river entry timing (May through August) and early spawning timing (August and September). Current core spawning areas include the Twisp River from Mystery CG to Little Bridge Creek, the Chewuch River between Twentymile Bridge and Boulder Creek, the mainstem Methow River from Mazama to Winthrop, and the lower five miles of the Lost River. Spawning is typically observed annually in Early Winters Creek, Wolf Creek , and Hancock Creek with more sporadic and variable use in Lake Creek, Eightmile Creek, and Gold Creek. Prior to ESA-listing, the majority of spring Chinook spawned at both Methow Hatchery and Winthrop NFH exhibited high Carson NFH influence. Post-listing, efforts were made to reduce Carson ancestry through incorporation of natural origin fish. Recently, most fish spawned at both hatcheries assign to the Methow Composite (MetComp) baseline that is a conglomerate of natural origin fish from the Methow and Chewuch rivers and associated tributaries as well as recent MetComp hatchery returns. Carson ancestry is still present in most MetComp fish but is more prevalent in the MetComp 2 production line that was maintained in years when production was not met with MetComp stock alone. Recent analyses conducted by WDFW genetics lab indicate that the Methow Composite and Twisp stock fish can be segregated through genetic baselines thereby facilitating stock management and escapement estimates during run-at-large sampling. Charles Snow Charles.Snow@dfw.wa.gov 05/15/2025 01:55:31 PM 99 1832 Methow Summer Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Upper Columbia River Eastern Cascades Fall-Run Chinook Above Wells Dam EG=3,500 Escapement goal for stock should be consistent with EDT. Baldwin: This seems very low, considering it is for the Okanogan and Methow and mainstem. The Colville Tribes want the wild population to support a 2 million smolt program and maintain primary pop This is a mixed stock with composite production. This stock is a mixture of native summer chinook and chinook from the Grande Coulee Fish Maintenance Project (1939 to 1943), which dispersed offspring of fish attempting to return to spawning grounds above Grand Coulee Dam into upper Columbia tributaries below the dam. Winthrop National Fish Hatchery has intermittently released summer chinook from broodstock collected at Wells Dam on the mainstem Columbia River and at the Leavenworth National Fish Hatchery in the Wenatchee basin into the Methow basin. The WDFW Eastbank Hatchery has maintained a mixed Methow and Okanogan summer chinook stock utilizing broodstock collected at Wells Dam on the mainstem Columbia River since 1989. Yearling summer chinook smolts from this program are acclimated in the Methow basin at the Carlton Acclimation Pond and released into the Methow River. Methow summer chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, later river entry timing (July), spawn timing, and genetic composition. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts from the confluence with the Columbia upstream to the town of Winthrop (RM 87.2). Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Methow River from the mouth up to the confluence with the Chewuch River. Methow summer chinook are genetically very divergent from all upper Columbia Basin spring chinook stocks, including Methow spring chinook, and from other Washington chinook stocks, including summer chinook in the Similkameen River (Marshall 2002). They are relatively similar to Wenatchee summer chinook. The contribution of Wells Hatchery summer chinook to this stock is unknown. Katy Shelby Katy.Shelby@dfw.wa.gov 10/23/2023 10:01:54 PM 100 1864 Okanogan Summer Chinook Chinook Upper Columbia River Summer and Fall Run Chinook Not Warranted Upper Columbia River Eastern Cascades Fall-Run Chinook Above Wells Dam EG=3,500 Baldwin: This seems very low, considering it is for the Okanogan and Methow and mainstem. The Colville Tribes want the wild population to support a 2 million smolt program and maintain primary population PNI. This is a mixed stock with composite production. The WDFW Eastbank Hatchery has maintained a mixed Methow/Okanogan summer chinook stock utilizing broodstock collected at Wells Dam on the mainstem Columbia River since 1989. Yearling summer chinook smolts from this program are acclimated in the Okanogan basin at the Similkameen Acclimation Pond and released into the Similkameen River. Okanogan summer chinook were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution, river entry timing (July to September depending on water temperature), spawning timing and genetic com Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in the mainstem Okanogan and Similkameen (Okanogan tributary) rivers. Prior to1996, data were available for the mainstem Okanogan only. Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Okanogan from Loup Loup Creek upstream to Zosel Dam, although summer chinook carcasses have been recovered in Canada above Lake Osoyoos and in the Similkameen River upstream to Enloe Dam. Summer chinook from the Similkameen River sampled from 1991 to 1993 were significantly different from other upper Columbia summer chinook stocks, although they were most similar to Wenatchee summer chinook (Anne Marshall, WDFW, personal communication). Katy Shelby Katy.Shelby@dfw.wa.gov 03/26/2024 08:07:49 PM 101 2748 Grays-Chinook Fall Chum Chum Columbia River Chum Threatened Lower Columbia River Coastal Chum Recovery goal = 6,000 spawners Ref 1:Table 4. This is a native stock with composite production. A hatchery supplementation program designed to increase numbers of naturally spawning Grays River fall chum began at the WDFW Grays River Hatchery in 1998. Grays/Chinook fall chum were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and genetic composition. Data are peak live plus dead spawners per stream mile in the lower mainstem Grays (2.4 miles surveyed), the lower West Fork Grays (1.8 miles surveyed) and lower Crazy Johnson Creek (0.2 miles surveyed). Most spawning takes place in the mainstem Grays River from the Covered Bridge (RM 10.8) to about 0.5 miles above the confluence with the West Fork (RM 12), in the West Fork Grays River from the mouth (RM 0.0) to about one-half mile above the WDFW Grays River Hatchery rack (RM 15), in lower Crazy Johnson Creek and in Gorley Creek. Floodwaters breached the Gorley Creek dike in December 1999 and washed out most of the spawning habitat in the creek. Allozyme analysis has shown that Grays fall chum are genetically distinct from other Washington chum stocks examined (Phelps et al. 1995). Alan Garner brad.garner@dfw.wa.gov 06/10/2019 12:00:00 AM 102 3630 Grays-Chinook Coho Coho Lower Columbia River Coho Threatened Lower Columbia River Coastal Coho Recovery goal=600 spawners Ref 1:Table 6. Includes Chinook River coho This is a mixed stock with composite production. Native populations of coho were present in all lower Columbia River tributaries historically. Under the Columbia River Development program in the 1950s, salmon hatchery construction was expanded on the lower Columbia River tributaries, and hatcheries began to trap brood stock in many areas. Broodstock, eggs or juvenile coho have been transferred throughout the lower Columbia River stations and areas above Bonneville Dam. Hatchery off-station planting of juvenile coho was commonplace throughout lower Columbia tributaries. The result is a widely mixed coho stock. The Grays River Hatchery was built in 1960 on the West Fork Grays River. Hatchery coho fry and fingerlings have been planted in the sub-basin since at least 1965. Grays/Chinook coho were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data type description needed. Spawning takes place throughout the mainstem Grays River and the lower reaches of the East, West and South Fork Grays rivers. Allozyme analysis of Gray River hatchery coho has shown them to be genetically distinct from all other Washington coho stocks examined (David Teel, NMFS, personal communication). Lisa Brown Lisa.Brown@dfw.wa.gov 08/30/2018 04:42:37 PM 103 3694 Upper Cowlitz and Cispus Coho Coho Lower Columbia River Coho Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Coho "• Cowlitz Falls Dam (RM 88.5) was constructed in 1994, creating a long, narrow 11-mile reservoir. Below the Cowlitz Falls Dam, the river enters Riffe Lake, a 23.5 mile long reservoir created by the 606-foot high Mossyrock Dam (RM 66), completed in 1968. Riffe Lake is operated as a storage reservoir by Tacoma Power for flood control and hydropower production. Due to characteristics of the dam and reservoir, no fish passage facilities have been constructed at Mossyrock Dam. A few miles below the dam, the river enters Mayfield Lake, a 13.5 mile long reservoir created by the construction of Mayfield Dam (RM 52) in 1962. Historically, the portion of the stream inundated by the three reservoirs was made up of a series of deep canyons. The salmon hatchery Barrier Dam (RM 49.5) located below Mayfield Dam is a collection facility for trapping and hauling fish into the upper basin, a practice that has been in effect since 1969. • The upper portion of the subbasin (above Mayfield Dam) historically supported thousands of fall Chinook, spring Chinook, coho, and winter steelhead. Today, numbers of naturally spawning salmon and steelhead are limited to the adult returns associated with a program to reintroduce natural spawning salmon and steelhead above the hydrosystem. Hydropower development and operation have altered flows, habitat, and blocked passage of salmon and steelhead to their historical habitats. Spring Chinook, coho, and winter steelhead have been reintroduced into the upper Cowlitz habitats in recent years in an effort to reestablish natural salmon and steelhead production. Returns of spring Chinook, coho and winter steelhead include both natural and hatchery produced fish. • The historical upper Cowlitz adult population is estimated from 20,000-70,000 fish with the majority of returns being late stock which spawn from late November to March. In 1948, WDF estimated coho escapement to the basin was 77,000; in the early 1950s, escapement to the basin was estimated as 32,500 coho. Current natural spawning returns are part of an upper Cowlitz and Cispus River reintroduction program. • Completion of Mayfield Dam in 1962 blocked access above the dam; a returning adult trap and haul program began in 1994 where fish were collected below Mayfield Dam and released above Cowlitz Falls Dam, restoring some access to the upper watershed. • Cowlitz origin hatchery coho are utilized for supplementation of natural coho. Natural spawning occurs in the mainstem and tributaries of the upper Cowlitz, Cispus, and Tilton rivers. Juvenile rearing occurs upstream and downstream of spawning areas. Juveniles rear for a full year in the Cowlitz Basin before migrating as yearlings in the spring. Juveniles are captured at the Cowlitz Falls Dam collection facility, acclimated at Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery and released into the lower Cowlitz." Upper Cowlitz Coho were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. "Data is combined with the Upper Cowlitz coho population. Early and late coho salmon data series, respectively, since these populations are unable to be monitored separately. The upper Cowlitz and Cispus populations for coho are listed as separate populations by NMFS. The Upper Cowlitz and Cispus River’s confluence is Lake Scanewa and all the smolts are collected at the dam creating the lake so both populations are mixed as smolts and it isn’t feasible to mark them differently at this point. The returning adult are mostly released into Lake Scanewa to self-sort. At this point, neither TPU or WDFW (or anyone else) is conducting spawning surveys that could be used to estimate the split in the transported numbers between the two basins. Cispus River numbers have no data. • 1. Trap Count (Hatchery-Origin): Census count of fish captured at the Cowlitz Barrier Dam and trucked upstream for release into the Upper Cowlitz and Cispus basins. Trap and haul count data is provided by Tacoma Power. • 2. Trap Count (Natural-Origin): Census count of fish captured at the Cowlitz Barrier Dam and trucked upstream for release into the Upper Cowlitz and Cispus basins. Trap and haul count data is provided by Tacoma Power. • 3. Hatchery-Origin Escapement: Census count of fish captured at the Cowlitz Barrier Dam and trucked upstream for release into the Upper Cowlitz and Cispus basins, minus sport catch record card counts. Trap and haul count data is provided by Tacoma Power. • 4. Natural-Origin Escapement: Census count of fish captured at the Cowlitz Barrier Dam and trucked upstream for release into the Upper Cowlitz and Cispus basins, minus sport catch record card counts. Trap and haul count data is provided by Tacoma Power." "• The Cispus supports winter steelhead, coho, and spring Chinook. The most productive reaches are located in the alluvial section from Greenhorn Creek to just upstream of the NF Cispus confluence. • Documented coho usage in Cispus River, Crystal Creek, Greenhorn Creek, Yellowjacket Creek, Camp Creek, and NF Cispus Creek. • Modeled distribution but unknown usage in Copper Canyon Creek, Quartz Creek, Woods Creek, Ames Creek, Iron Creek, Big Creek, Wakepish Creek, McCoy Creek, Pinto Creek, Wobbly Creek, Canyon Creek, Canyon Creek, Adams Creek, Orr Creek, Cat Creek, Pimlico Creek, Muddy Fork, Spring Creek, Midway Creek, Wesley Creek, Chambers Creek, and Goat Creek." No genetic analysis has been done on Upper Cowlitz Coho Lisa Brown Lisa.Brown@dfw.wa.gov 08/21/2024 10:32:44 PM 104 3698 Cispus Coho Coho Lower Columbia River Coho Threatened Lower Columbia River Cascade Coho "• Cowlitz Falls Dam (RM 88.5) was constructed in 1994, creating a long, narrow 11-mile reservoir. Below the Cowlitz Falls Dam, the river enters Riffe Lake, a 23.5 mile long reservoir created by the 606-foot high Mossyrock Dam (RM 66), completed in 1968. Riffe Lake is operated as a storage reservoir by Tacoma Power for flood control and hydropower production. Due to characteristics of the dam and reservoir, no fish passage facilities have been constructed at Mossyrock Dam. A few miles below the dam, the river enters Mayfield Lake, a 13.5 mile long reservoir created by the construction of Mayfield Dam (RM 52) in 1962. Historically, the portion of the stream inundated by the three reservoirs was made up of a series of deep canyons. The salmon hatchery Barrier Dam (RM 49.5) located below Mayfield Dam is a collection facility for trapping and hauling fish into the upper basin, a practice that has been in effect since 1969. • The upper portion of the subbasin (above Mayfield Dam) historically supported thousands of fall Chinook, spring Chinook, coho, and winter steelhead. Today, numbers of naturally spawning salmon and steelhead are limited to the adult returns associated with a program to reintroduce natural spawning salmon and steelhead above the hydrosystem. Hydropower development and operation have altered flows, habitat, and blocked passage of salmon and steelhead to their historical habitats. Spring Chinook, coho, and winter steelhead have been reintroduced into the upper Cowlitz habitats in recent years in an effort to reestablish natural salmon and steelhead production. Returns of spring Chinook, coho and winter steelhead include both natural and hatchery produced fish. • The historical upper Cowlitz adult population is estimated from 20,000-70,000 fish with the majority of returns being late stock which spawn from late November to March. In 1948, WDF estimated coho escapement to the basin was 77,000; in the early 1950s, escapement to the basin was estimated as 32,500 coho. Current natural spawning returns are part of an upper Cowlitz and Cispus River reintroduction program. • Completion of Mayfield Dam in 1962 blocked access above the dam; a returning adult trap and haul program began in 1994 where fish were collected below Mayfield Dam and released above Cowlitz Falls Dam, restoring some access to the upper watershed. • Cowlitz origin hatchery coho are utilized for supplementation of natural coho. Natural spawning occurs in the mainstem and tributaries of the upper Cowlitz, Cispus, and Tilton rivers. Juvenile rearing occurs upstream and downstream of spawning areas. Juveniles rear for a full year in the Cowlitz Basin before migrating as yearlings in the spring. Juveniles are captured at the Cowlitz Falls Dam collection facility, acclimated at Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery and released into the lower Cowlitz." Cispus Coho were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. "Data is combined with the Upper Cowlitz coho population. Early and late coho salmon data series, respectively, since these populations are unable to be monitored separately. The upper Cowlitz and Cispus populations for coho are listed as separate populations by NMFS. The Upper Cowlitz and Cispus River’s confluence is Lake Scanewa and all the smolts are collected at the dam creating the lake so both populations are mixed as smolts and it isn’t feasible to mark them differently at this point. The returning adult are mostly released into Lake Scanewa to self-sort. At this point, neither TPU or WDFW (or anyone else) is conducting spawning surveys that could be used to estimate the split in the transported numbers between the two basins. Cispus River numbers have no data. • 1. Trap Count (Hatchery-Origin): Census count of fish captured at the Cowlitz Barrier Dam and trucked upstream for release into the Upper Cowlitz and Cispus basins. Trap and haul count data is provided by Tacoma Power. • 2. Trap Count (Natural-Origin): Census count of fish captured at the Cowlitz Barrier Dam and trucked upstream for release into the Upper Cowlitz and Cispus basins. Trap and haul count data is provided by Tacoma Power. • 3. Hatchery-Origin Escapement: Census count of fish captured at the Cowlitz Barrier Dam and trucked upstream for release into the Upper Cowlitz and Cispus basins, minus sport catch record card counts. Trap and haul count data is provided by Tacoma Power. • 4. Natural-Origin Escapement: Census count of fish captured at the Cowlitz Barrier Dam and trucked upstream for release into the Upper Cowlitz and Cispus basins, minus sport catch record card counts. Trap and haul count data is provided by Tacoma Power." "• The Cispus supports winter steelhead, coho, and spring Chinook. The most productive reaches are located in the alluvial section from Greenhorn Creek to just upstream of the NF Cispus confluence. • Documented coho usage in Cispus River, Crystal Creek, Greenhorn Creek, Yellowjacket Creek, Camp Creek, and NF Cispus Creek. • Modeled distribution but unknown usage in Copper Canyon Creek, Quartz Creek, Woods Creek, Ames Creek, Iron Creek, Big Creek, Wakepish Creek, McCoy Creek, Pinto Creek, Wobbly Creek, Canyon Creek, Canyon Creek, Adams Creek, Orr Creek, Cat Creek, Pimlico Creek, Muddy Fork, Spring Creek, Midway Creek, Wesley Creek, Chambers Creek, and Goat Creek." No genetic analysis has been done on Cispus Coho. Lisa Brown Lisa.Brown@dfw.wa.gov 08/21/2024 10:38:34 PM 105 4975 Elwha Pink Pink Odd-year Pink Not Warranted Puget Sound No MPG Specified EG=10,000 Ref 23 WDFW goal, no co-manager agreement This is a native stock with wild production. Elwha pinks were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are peak spawner counts made during chinook surveys. Spawning is confined to the lower 4.9 miles of the Elwha River, below the Elwha Dam. No genetic analysis has been done on Elwha pinks. Heidi Connor heidi.connor@dfw.wa.gov 04/16/2025 06:27:31 PM 106 6175 Green River (Duwamish) Winter Steelhead Steelhead Puget Sound Steelhead Threatened Puget Sound Central and South Puget Sound Steelhead EG=2,000 This is a native stock with wild production. The hatchery winter steelhead program on the Green River utilizes Chambers Creek Hatchery-origin fish. Adult broodstock is trapped at the Palmer Rearing Ponds on the Green River and at out-of-basin hatcheries. Because hatchery-origin adults return to the river and spawn earlier than the native stock, we believe that there has been very little genetic exchange between the hatchery and wild stocks. Green River winter steelhead were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and later river-entry timing and spawning timing. Data are total escapement estimates based on cumulative redd counts in all mainstem spawning areas and in index reaches in Soos and Newaukum creeks totaling 12 miles. An integrated program for wild winter steelhead using fish captured from the mainstem Green River is used to help re-build the Green River steelhead stock. An average of 35 steelhead have been collected annually as broodstock for this program, and these fish are not included in the spawning escapement total. Most spawning takes place in the Green River from RM 25 to 61, in Newaukum Creek to about RM 12, and in Soos Creek and several of its larger tributaries, including Covington, Jenkins and Lower Soosette creeks. Allozyme analysis of Green River winter chinook clusters them with winter steelhead from the Cedar, White and Puyallup rivers and with some Snohomish basin steelhead (Phelps et al. 1997). Nathanael Overman Nathanael.Overman@dfw.wa.gov 08/29/2016 12:00:00 AM 107 6658 Grays-Chinook Winter Steelhead Steelhead Southwest Washington Steelhead Not Warranted Lower Columbia River No MPG Specified 1,486 EG. Recovery goal=600 spawners Ref 1:Table 5. Recovery goal includes Chinook River This is a native stock with wild production. Grays/Chinook winter steelhead were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution. Data are total escapement estimates based on redd counts in index areas in the mainstem Grays from tidewater to the confluence with the East Fork of the Grays (RM 21.7) and in Hull Creek, West Fork Grays, South Fork Grays, and Blaney and Mitchell creeks. Spawning takes place throughout the mainstem Grays River and in the East, West and South forks of the Grays. Genetic sampling was conducted in 1994 and 1995, however comparisons of allele frequencies between this stock and other lower Columbia steelhead stocks for determining stock distinctiveness are not very informative (Myers et al. 2002). Steven Gray Steven.Gray@dfw.wa.gov 08/30/2018 04:42:37 PM 108 6854 Walla Walla Summer Steelhead Steelhead Middle Columbia Steelhead Threatened Snake River Umatilla/Walla Walla Steelhead Critical abundance threshold =1,000 spawners; Restoration goal=1,875-3,395 spawners CAT is de-listing goal, Restoration is healthy, harvestable goal This is a mixed stock with composite production in the lower portion of the Walla Walla. The steelhead upstream of Oregon border are predominantly wild origin. Hatchery smolts from Lyons Ferry Hatchery from a mixture of Columbia and Snake River stocks (Wells and Lyons Ferry hatchery stocks) have been released into the lower Walla Walla River since 1982 (both in lower Mill Creek and the lower Walla Walla River near the mouth of Mill Creek). Walla Walla summer steelhead were identified as a stock based on their distinct spawning distribution and recent genetic analyses. This population includes steelhead in Oregon in the North and South Forks of the Walla Walla, and Couse Creek, as well as Washington and Oregon portions of Cottonwood Creek, Birch Creek, Pine Creek, Mill Creek and many other tributaries (including Dry Creek in WA). This population is distinct and managed separately from the steelhead in the Touchet River drainage. Steelhead spawning surveys have been conducted annually (or at least frequently) in portions of Mill Creek. Less frequent (periodic) spawning surveys have been conducted in many of the tributaries (e.g. Cottonwood and upper Dry creeks) or portions of the mainstem river to help determine spawning distribution and relative adult steelhead abundance. A fish counting station/trap at Nursery Bridge Dam near Milton-Freewater currently provide the best index of returning adult steelhead abundance. Counts from that location are expanded by a constant rate of 1.503 to provide an estimate for steelhead thought to be present in both the Walla Walla River and Mill Creek combined. Video counts at fish ladders in Mill Creek or in Yellowhawk Creek provide partial counts of returning steelhead to those areas. Extensive electrofishing and snorkel surveys have been conducted by WDFW and Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) to determine distribution, species composition and relative abundance during summer low flow periods. This effort includes several fish salvage efforts as portions of the stream channel have been dewatered. CTUIR operates several smolt traps in the Walla Walla River and Mill Creek to estimate smolt production and timing, and to allow PIT tagging of migratory salmonids. CTUIR has also conducted radio telemetry studies of steelhead, bull trout and spring Chinook in the Walla Walla Basin. Only expanded Nursery Bridge Dam counts are reported here. Primary spawning areas include the upper Walla Walla River and it tributaries (e.g. Couse Creek and North Fork Walla Walla), upper Mill and upper Dry creeks, plus in numerous small tributaries such as Cottonwood Creek, Yellowhawk Creek and Blue Creek. Recent genetic analysis (Small 2003b, Blankenship et al. 2007, Narum et al. 2004 and Blankenship et al. 2009) indicates that naturallyspawning summer steelhead from the Walla Walla Basin (collections from the upper Walla Walla, Mill Creek and Yellowhawk Creek) are distinct from those in the Touchet River (Hatchery or wild) and the Snake River (Tucannon River wild and hatchery-origin and Lyons Ferry Hatchery). This distinction has apparently been maintained despite the release of smolts from the Wells and Lyons Ferry hatcheries for many years (see below). Jeremy Trump Jeremy.Trump@dfw.wa.gov 11/08/2024 12:00:00 AM 109 7680 Mill-Abernathy-Germany-Coal Creeks Coastal Cutthroat Cutthroat Southwest Washington/Columbia River Coastal Cutthroat Not Warranted Lower Columbia River No MPG Specified Mill/Abernathy/Germany/Coal Creeks coastal cutthroat are native and are sustained by wild production. Mill/Abernathy/Germany/Coal Creeks coastal cutthroat have been identified as a distinct stock complex based on the geographic distribution of their spawning grounds. Abernathy, Germany, Mill, and Coal creeks enter the Columbia River between RM 53 and RM 56. Due to the proximity of these streams, their similar sizes and drainage characteristics, and the limited biological information available for them, cutthroat in these creeks have been combined into one stock complex. Anadromous, resident, and fluvial forms distribute themselves throughout these watersheds. The anadromous form has access to most of the watersheds with the exception of upper tributary reaches where a combination of steep gradient and high flow can limit passage, and the areas above the falls on Slide and Cameron creeks (tributaries of Abernathy Creek). The resident forms have been observed throughout the system. Wild anadromous escapement has been measured between zero and ten fish since 1991. Although surveys have not attempted to estimate trends among the various life history forms, it is thought these totals represent mainly anadromous and fluvial types. The trap on Abernathy Creek is operated to collect Chinook salmon, and to make the escapement estimates of coho and steelhead. Its efficiency for cutthroat is unknown. Columbia River cutthroat sport catch data from 1972 to 1995 are available from a survey conducted to estimate salmon and steelhead catch, but cutthroat trout catches were reported as well. Some sampling inconsistencies were apparent in the early to mid-1970s, and in some years sampling was incomplete. More restrictive angling regulations, implemented during the survey, also appear to have reduced cutthroat catch, but the extent of this reduction has not been determined. Angler tag recoveries for Cowlitz Hatchery anadromous cutthroat in this area are high, indicating that Abernathy Creek stocks contribute to the catch in this area. This stock is not currently monitored. The data on anadromous cutthroat are limited, but we believe that the timing of stream entry and spawning in Abernathy, Germany, Mill, and Coal creeks is similar to that of Elochoman fish, which enter the river from late July through mid-April, with peak entry in the fall and spawning from January through April. Fluvial and resident spawning times have not been documented in this watershed but are believed to be similar to the anadromous spawning time. Genetic data are unavailable for this stock. However, it is believed that these data would be similar to those for other Columbia River stocks. Todd Hillson Todd.Hillson@dfw.wa.gov 03/01/2022 12:00:00 AM 110 7740 Grays-Chinook Coastal Cutthroat Cutthroat Southwest Washington/Columbia River Coastal Cutthroat Not Warranted Lower Columbia River No MPG Specified Grays coastal cutthroat trout are native and are sustained by wild production. There is no record of hatchery cutthroat releases into this drainage. Grays coastal cutthroat are classified as a distinct stock complex based on the geographic distribution of their spawning grounds. Grays River enters the Columbia River at RM 21. Anadromous, resident and fluvial life history forms distribute themselves throughout the watershed. The anadromous form has access to most of the watershed with the exception of upper tributary reaches, where a combination of steep gradient and high flow can limit passage. The resident forms have been observed throughout the system. As with other wild Columbia River coastal cutthroat, entry to the Columbia River commences in July and continues through the fall. Columbia River recreational catch estimates from RM 0 to RM 38 were collected during a survey conducted from 1972 to 1995 to estimate salmon and steelhead catch, but cutthroat trout were also recorded. No distinctions among life history forms were made, but the numbers probably represent mainly anadromous and fluvial fish. Because the survey targeted salmon and steelhead, changes in angling effort for cutthroat cannot be quantified. Some sampling inconsistencies were apparent in the early to mid-1970s, and in some years sampling was incomplete. More restrictive angling regulations, implemented during the survey, also appear to have reduced cutthroat catch, but the extent of this reduction has not been determined. The catch between 1971 and 1991 was composed of both hatchery and wild fish. Small samples from this fishery were collected between 1979 and 1982. Tipping (1982) found that 20 percent of the catch was wild (n = 31). Sampling in 1979 and 1980 indicated that 50 percent of the catch was wild. Columbia River estuary sampling in 1981 indicated that 21 percent of the sample (n = 141) was wild (Loch 1982). Columbia River catch data suggest a decline in cutthroat abundance over time. The data on Grays River anadromous cutthroat are limited, but we believe that the timing of river entry and spawning is similar to that of Elochoman fish which enter the river from late July through Mid-April, with peak entry in the fall and spawning from January through April. Fluvial and resident spawning times have not been documented in this watershed but are believed to be similar to the anadromous spawning time. Size, age, coloration, and genetic data are unavailable for this stock, however, we believe that this information would be similar to that for other Columbia River stocks. Anadromous cutthroat life history data are available for the Kalama, Toutle, and Cowlitz rivers (Hulett 1995; Loch 1982; Loch and Downing 1990; Loch and Pahutski 1991, 1992; Loch and Byrd 1993; Tipping and Springer 1980; Tipping 1982). The genetic relationship of the Grays stock complex to The genetic relationship of the Grays stock complex to other stocks and stock complexes is unknown. Genetic sampling and analysis are needed to make this determination, however no sampling has been done. Todd Hillson Todd.Hillson@dfw.wa.gov 03/01/2022 12:00:00 AM 111 7820 Toutle Coastal Cutthroat Cutthroat Southwest Washington/Columbia River Coastal Cutthroat Not Warranted Lower Columbia River No MPG Specified This stock complex is native with wild production. Toutle coastal cutthroat have been identified as a distinct stock complex based on the geographic distribution of their spawning grounds. The Toutle River enters the Cowlitz River at RM 20. Due to limited genetic and biological data all Toutle cutthroat are currently considered to be part of one stock complex. Anadromous, resident, fluvial, and adfluvial forms distribute themselves throughout the watershed. The anadromous form has access to most of the watershed with the exception of upper tributary reaches, where a combination of steep gradient and high flow limits passage. The resident and fluvial forms have been observed throughout the system. Adfluvial fish have been observed in Silver Lake. There are no population-size data, only distribution data, for resident Toutle cutthroat, so the status of this life history form cannot be assessed. Anadromous cutthroat are counted at the North Toutle Hatchery. In 1959 a total of 74 wild anadromous cutthroat were captured at this facility during coho and chinook brood stock collections (Lavier 1960). After the reopening of this facility in 1991, annual counts have remained below six fish. There have been trap changes between 1959 and 1991, and the trap is not 100 percent effective for anadromous cutthroat. Columbia River cutthroat sport catch data from 1972 to 1995 from a survey conducted to estimate salmon and steelhead catch are also available (Leider 1997). Some sampling inconsistencies were apparent in the early to mid-1970s, and in some years sampling was incomplete. More restrictive angling regulations, implemented during the survey, also appear to have reduced cutthroat catch, but the extent of this reduction has not been determined. The catch between 1971 and 1991 was composed of both hatchery and wild fish. Small samples from this fishery were collected between 1979 and 1982. Tipping (1982) found that 20 percent of the catch was wild (n=31). As with other wild Columbia River anadromous cutthroat, entry to the Columbia River commences in late July and continues through mid-April. Entry to the Cowlitz occurs slightly later. Entry into the North Fork Toutle peaks between September to November with a smaller number of fish moving throughout the winter (Loch, WDFW, personal communication April 1994). Spawning activity occurs from January through June. Fluvial and resident spawning times have not been documented in this watershed but are believed to be similar to the anadromous spawning time. Anadromous spawn time was taken from wild anadromous cutthroat captured from Green River, Elochoman River, and Nemah River and held at Vancouver Hatchery and Beaver Creek Hatchery (Lavier 1960). Artificial selection for early spawn timing now has hatchery cutthroat spawning from December to February (Byrne 1995). Genetic data are unavailable for this stock complex. Todd Hillson Todd.Hillson@dfw.wa.gov 03/01/2022 12:00:00 AM 112 8096 Stillaguamish Bull Trout Bull Trout Coterminous US Bull Trout Threatened No MPG Specified Stillaguamish bull trout are native and are maintained by wild production. Stillaguamish bull trout have been identified as a distinct stock based on their geographic distribution. They are found throughout the Stillaguamish River basin. Anadromous, fluvial and resident fish all exist in the watershed and, in many cases, overlap geographically. Because of this overlap and the lack of detailed information on fish movement within the basin, all bull trout in the Stillaguamish basin are currently considered to be a single stock. This determination may change as more information becomes available. Bull trout are seen in the North Fork and its tributaries each fall during routine snorkel surveys to enumerate adult chinook salmon. Spawning areas in the North Fork and its tributaries include Deer Creek, Boulder River and Squire Creek and in the South Fork and its tributaries include Canyon, Millardy, Deer and Coal creeks. In the South Fork, the waterfall near the town of Granite Falls was impassable to anadromous fish including bull trout until a fishway was constructed in the 1950s. However anecdotal information from fish surveys in the 1920s and 1930s suggests a char population existed in the South Fork at that time. Since construction of the fishway, large adult bull trout are commonly seen in the upper South Fork. Spawn timing is unknown. Andrew Fowler Andrew.Fowler@dfw.wa.gov 06/09/2020 12:00:00 AM 113 8132 Green (Duwamish) Bull Trout Bull Trout Coterminous US Bull Trout Threatened No MPG Specified Information on the presence, abundance, distribution, and life history of bull trout and Dolly Varden in the Green River basin is unavailable or extremely limited. Native char have been harvested in the Green River as far upstream as River Mile 40; however, there is insufficient evidence to determine if these fish are fluvial, or anadromous bull trout. The assessment team felt these fish are likely Dolly Varden char. No spawning of this char species has ever been documented. There are no records to suggest that bull trout have ever occupied habitat upstream of RM 70 or in the HCP project area. Plum Creek has conducted extensive presence/absence surveys for bull trout in the upper Green River watershed, but none have ever been found. Mongillo (1993) indicated that bull trout-Dolly Varden are present in the Green River below Howard Hanson Dam. Cropp (1989) set vertical and horizontal gill nets in Eagle Gorge (Howard Hanson) Reservoir in August, 1989, and collected only hatchery-origin chinook, coho and steelhead, plus native cutthroat trout and whitefish. No bull trout/Dolly Varden were collected. There is no information on the timing or distribution of spawning, if any, in the Green River. Howard Hanson Dam has been a complete barrier to upstream passage of salmonids since its construction in 1961. The City of Tacoma municipal water diversion has also been an anadromous fish barrier since 1911. The anecdotal reports of bull trout/Dolly Varden harvested in the Green River may refer to fish which have strayed into the Green but were produced in a different river basin. 03/01/2022 12:00:00 AM 114 8252 Lower Elwha Bull Trout Bull Trout Coterminous US Bull Trout Threatened No MPG Specified Lower Elwha bull trout are native and are maintained by wild production. Bull trout in the lower Elwha River (below the hydropower dams) have been identified as a distinct stock based on their geographic distribution. Anglers have reported hooking bull trout in the lower river over the years. The population in the lower river is thought to be anadromous. Two types of data are available: angler reports and hatchery rack returns. The Lower Elwha Tribe reports that they occasionally see a few bull trout in tribal fisheries over the years (Mike McHenry, Lower Elwha Fisheries, personal communication). Bull trout are rarely seen in the tribe`s hatchery trap with coho. One or two bull trout 300 mm to 380 mm long have been seen each year in the WDFW chinook rearing channel since 1983 (Greg Travers, WDFW, personal communication). Spawn timing and locations are unknown. Kathryn Sutton kathryn.sutton@dfw.wa.gov 06/03/2026 04:48:22 PM 115 8672 White River (Wenatchee) Bull Trout Bull Trout Coterminous US Bull Trout Threatened No MPG Specified This native stock is maintained by wild production. This stock of adfluvial (Lake Wenatchee) and perhaps fluvial fish (White River) is geographically isolated from other stocks when spawning. Bull trout spawn and alevins rear in cold, headwater reaches where annual heat budgets are too cold for steelhead and chinook salmon. The stocks spawn in thermal isolation, because water temperature between spawning sites is too warm. The elevation at White River falls (RM 14.3), the upper end of bull trout distribution, is too low (2,160 feet) to support the resident life history form, which requires colder water. Data are redd counts from RM 11.0-14.3. Note that the turbidity of the water in the river is so great from glacial flour that counting redds is typically impractical. Spawning occurs from the Napeequa River to the falls from mid-September through mid-October. In 1984 four redds were observed on a single survey from Grasshopper Meadows to the base of the falls. Every year some spawning occurs just below Panther Creek on the west side of the island at Grasshopper Meadows. Katy Shelby Katy.Shelby@dfw.wa.gov 12/11/2024 12:00:00 AM 116 8696 Entiat Bull Trout Bull Trout Coterminous US Bull Trout Threatened No MPG Specified The bull trout in the Entiat River watershed are native. No hatchery introductions of bull trout have occurred. Whether spawners below Entiat Falls (RM 29.2) in 1994 constitute a stock or are strays from other Columbia River tributaries that elected to spawn when confronted with the falls is unknown. Straying could result from Columbia River dams blocking migration of fish to upriver natal streams. That rainbow trout and chinook salmon are abundant in the Entiat River up to Entiat Falls casts doubt on the thermal suitability of the habitat for bull trout. Nevertheless, a distinct stock that is geographically and thermally isolated is assumed. Only fluvial fish are present. The barrier falls precludes distribution to water cold enough to support the resident life history form. Redd counts are limited to 1994 and 1995 and one location (the gaging station pool below the falls). Presence/absence data are based on seven standing crop surveys conducted throughout the river below Entiat Falls in 1984 and six snorkel surveys in 1987 by the USFWS. A total of seven juvenile bull trout were counted in these surveys, but the origin (Mad River versus Entiat River) of these fish is unknown. The lower spawning boundary is not precisely known, but it undoubtedly occurs within one mile of the Entiat Falls. Spawn timing is from mid September through mid October. Katy Shelby Katy.Shelby@dfw.wa.gov 12/11/2024 12:00:00 AM